MANIFESTED HIMSELF (εφανεροσεν εαυτον). First aorist active indicative of φανεροω with the reflexive pronoun (cf. John 7:4; John 13:4). For the passive see John 1:31; John 21:14. Jesus was only seen during the forty days now and then (Acts 1:3), ten instances being recorded. The word φανεροω is of... [ Continue Reading ]
THERE WERE TOGETHER (ησαν ομου). These seven (Peter, Thomas, Nathanael, the sons of Zebedee, and two others). We know that the sons of Zebedee were James and John (Matthew 4:21), mentioned by name nowhere in John's Gospel, apparently because John is the author. We do not know who the "two others... [ Continue Reading ]
I GO A FISHING (υπαγω αλιευειν). The present active infinitive αλιευειν expresses purpose as often. It is a late verb from αλιευς (fisherman) and occurs in Jeremiah 16:16, in Philo, Plutarch, and one papyrus. Peter's proposal was a natural one. He had been a fisherman by practice and they were pr... [ Continue Reading ]
WHEN DAY WAS NOW BREAKING (πρωιας ηδη γινομενης). Genitive absolute and note present middle participle (dawn coming on and still dark). In Matthew 27:1 the aorist participle (γενομενης) means that dawn had come. For "beach" (αιγιαλον) see Matthew 13:2.WAS (εστιν). Present indicative retained in... [ Continue Reading ]
CHILDREN (Παιδια). Diminutive of παις and used here alone by Jesus in addressing his disciples. It is a colloquial expression like "my boys." The aged Apostle John uses it in 1 John 2:13; 1 John 2:18.HAVE YE AUGHT TO EAT? (μη τ προσφαγιον εχετε;). The negative answer is expected by this polite... [ Continue Reading ]
THE RIGHT SIDE (εις τα δεξια μερη). Jesus knew where the fish were. For "net" (δικτυον) see Matthew 4:20, here alone in John.WERE NOW NOT ABLE TO DRAW IT (ουκετ αυτο ελκυσα ισχυον). Imperfect active picturing the disciples tugging at the net.... [ Continue Reading ]
IT IS THE LORD (ο κυριος εστιν). John's quick insight appears again.GIRT HIS COAT ABOUT HIM (τον επενδυτην διεζωσατο). First aorist middle (indirect) indicative with which note διεζωσεν εαυτον in John 13:4. Apparently Peter threw on the upper garment or linen blouse (επενδυτην) worn by fishers... [ Continue Reading ]
IN THE LITTLE BOAT (τω πλοιαριω). Locative case of πλοιαριον (diminutive) for the larger boat (πλοιον, verses John 21:3; John 21:6) could come no closer to shore. But the words seem interchangeable in John 6:17; John 6:19; John 6:21; John 6:22; John 6:24.ABOUT TWO HUNDRED CUBITS OFF (ως απο πηχω... [ Continue Reading ]
GOT OUT (απεβησαν). As in Luke 5:2.THEY SEE (βλεπουσιν). Vivid historical present.A FIRE OF COALS (ανθρακιαν). See John 18:18 for this word. Cf. our "anthracite."THERE (κειμενην). Lying as placed, present middle participle of κειμα.FISH (οψαριον). As in John 6:9; John 6:11, like προσφαγιο... [ Continue Reading ]
WHICH (ων). Ablative case by attraction from α to agree with οψαριων. They had caught the fish by Christ's direction.... [ Continue Reading ]
WENT UP (ανεβη). Into the little boat or dinghy.DREW (ειλκυσεν). Same verb as ελκυσα in verse John 21:6. Peter now did what they had failed to do.THREE (τριων). The addition "three" to the "hundred and fifty" looks as if they were actually counted these "large" (μεγαλων) fish. It was a great... [ Continue Reading ]
BREAK YOUR FAST (αριστησατε). First aorist active imperative of αρισταω from αριστον, first to breakfast, as here and then later to dine as in Luke 11:37. What a delightful breakfast of fresh broiled fish just caught (verse John 21:10) with the hush of joyful surprise in the presence of the Risen... [ Continue Reading ]
TAKETH THE BREAD, AND GIVETH THEM (λαμβανε τον αρτον κα διδωσιν αυτοις). Vivid presents again. Jesus acts as host at this early breakfast, his last meal with these seven faithful followers.... [ Continue Reading ]
NOW THE THIRD TIME (το ηδη τριτον). "To the disciples" (apostles) John says, the two others being told by him (John 20:19; John 20:26) on the two Sunday evenings. There were four other appearances already (to Mary Magdalene, to the group of women, to the two on the way to Emmaus, to Peter).... [ Continue Reading ]
LOVEST THOU ME MORE THAN THESE? (αγαπαις με πλεον τουτων;). Ablative case of comparison τουτων (disciples) after πλεον. Peter had even boasted that he would stand by Christ though all men forsook him (Mark 14:29). We do not know what passed between Jesus and Peter when Jesus first appeared to him... [ Continue Reading ]
LOVEST THOU ME? (αγαπαις με;). This time Jesus drops the πλεον τουτων and challenges Peter's own statement. Peter repeats the same words in reply.TEND MY SHEEP (ποιμαινε τα προβατια). Present active imperative of ποιμαινω, old verb from ποιμην (shepherd), "shepherd my lambs" (προβατια, diminuti... [ Continue Reading ]
LOVEST THOU ME? (φιλεις με;). This time Jesus picks up the word φιλεω used by Peter and challenges that. These two words are often interchanged in the N.T., but here the distinction is preserved. Peter was cut to the heart (ελυπηθη, first aorist passive of λυπεω, to grieve) because Jesus challeng... [ Continue Reading ]
THOU GIRDEST THYSELF (εζωννυες σεαυτον). Imperfect active of customary action of ζωννυω, old verb, in N.T. only here and Acts 12:8. So as to περιεπατεις (walkedst) and ηθελες (wouldest), two other imperfects of customary action.WHEN THOU SHALT BE OLD (οταν γηρασηις). Indefinite temporal clause... [ Continue Reading ]
BY WHAT MANNER OF DEATH (ποιω θανατω). Undoubtedly John, who is writing long after Peter's death, seems to mean that Peter was to die (and did die) a martyr's death. "Whither thou wouldest not." There is a tradition that Peter met death by crucifixion and asked to be crucified head downwards, but... [ Continue Reading ]
TURNING ABOUT (επιστραφεις). Second aorist passive participle of επιστρεφω, old verb, here a sudden turning round (ingressive aorist). For the simplex verb στρεφω see John 20:14; John 20:16.FOLLOWING (ακολουθουντα). Following both Jesus and Peter, perhaps having heard the graphic dialogue above... [ Continue Reading ]
AND WHAT SHALL THIS MAN DO? (ουτος δε τι;). Literally, "But this one... what?" The abrupt ellipsis is intelligible.... [ Continue Reading ]
IF I WILL (εαν θελω). Condition of the third class with εαν and the present active subjunctive of θελω.TILL I COME (εως ερχομα). Literally, "while I am coming" (εως and the present indicative, not εως ελθω (second aorist active subjunctive).WHAT IS THAT TO THEE? (τ προς σε;). A sharp rebuke t... [ Continue Reading ]
THAT THAT DISCIPLE SHOULD NOT DIE (οτ ο μαθητης εκεινος ουκ αποθνησκε) (present active indicative), because Peter or others misunderstood what Jesus meant as John now carefully explains. He was rebuking Peter's curiosity, not affirming that John would live on till the Master returned. John is anx... [ Continue Reading ]
THAT IS (ουτος εστιν). The one just mentioned in verse John 21:20, "the disciple whom Jesus loved."AND WROTE THESE THINGS (κα ο γραψας ταυτα). Here there is a definite statement that the Beloved Disciple wrote this book.WE KNOW (οιδαμεν). The plural here seems intentional as the identificatio... [ Continue Reading ]
IF THEY SHOULD BE WRITTEN EVERY ONE (εαν γραφητα καθ' εν). Condition of the third class with εαν and present passive subjunctive of γραφω, "If they should be written one by one" (in full detail).I SUPPOSE (οιμα). Note change back to the first person singular by the author.WOULD NOT CONTAIN (ο... [ Continue Reading ]