WHEN HE WENT (εν τω ελθειν αυτον). Luke's favourite temporal clause = "on the going as to him."THAT (κα). Another common Lukan idiom, και=οτ after εγενετο, like Hebrew _wav_.THEY (αυτο). Emphatic.WERE WATCHING (ησαν παρατηρουμενο). Periphrastic imperfect middle. Note force of αυτο, middle v... [ Continue Reading ]
WHICH HAD THE DROPSY (υδρωπικος). Late and medical word from υδωρ (water), one who has internal water (υδρωπς). Here only in the N.T. and only example of the disease healed by Jesus and recorded.... [ Continue Reading ]
ANSWERING (αποκριθεις). First aorist passive participle without the passive meaning. Jesus answered the thoughts of those mentioned in verse Luke 14:1. Here "lawyers and Pharisees" are treated as one class with one article (τους) whereas in Luke 7:30 they are treated as two classes with separate... [ Continue Reading ]
TOOK HIM (επιλαβομενος). Second aorist middle participle of επιλαμβανω, an old verb, only in the middle in the N.T. It is not redundant use, "took and healed," but "took hold of him and healed him." Only instance in the N.T. of its use in a case of healing.LET HIM GO (απελυσεν). Probably, dismi... [ Continue Reading ]
AN ASS OR AN OX (ονος η βους). But Westcott and Hort υιος η βους ( A SON OR AN OX ). The manuscripts are much divided between υιος (son) and ονος (ass) which in the abbreviated uncials looked much alike (TC, OC) and were much alike. The sentence in the Greek reads literally thus: Whose ox or ass... [ Continue Reading ]
COULD NOT ANSWER AGAIN (ουκ ισχυσαν ανταποκριθηνα). Did not have strength to answer back or in turn (αντι-) as in Romans 9:20. They could not take up the argument and were helpless. They hated to admit that they cared more for an ox or ass or even a son than for this poor dropsical man.... [ Continue Reading ]
A PARABLE FOR THOSE WHICH WERE BIDDEN (προς τους κεκλημενους παραβολην). Perfect passive participle of καλεω, to call, to invite. This parable is for the guests who were there and who had been watching Jesus.WHEN HE MARKED (επεχων). Present active participle of επεχω with τον νουν understood, h... [ Continue Reading ]
SIT NOT DOWN (μη κατακλιθηις). First aorist (ingressive) passive subjunctive of κατακλινω, to recline. Old verb, but peculiar to Luke in the N.T. (Luke 7:36; Luke 9:14; Luke 14:8; Luke 24:30).BE BIDDEN (η κεκλημενος). Periphrastic perfect passive subjunctive of καλεω after μη ποτε.... [ Continue Reading ]
AND SAY (κα ερε). Changes to future indicative with μη ποτε as in Luke 12:58.SHALT BEGIN WITH SHAME (αρξη μετα αισχυνης). The moment of embarrassment.TO TAKE THE LOWEST PLACE (τον εσχατον τοπον κατεχειν). To hold down the lowest place, all the intermediate ones being taken.... [ Continue Reading ]
SIT DOWN (αναπεσε). Second aorist active imperative of αναπιπτω, to fall up or back, to lie back or down. Late Greek word for ανακλινω (cf. κατακλινω in verse Luke 14:8).HE THAT HATH BIDDEN THEE (ο κεκληκως σε). Perfect active participle as in verse Luke 14:12 (τω κεκληκοτ) with which compare ο... [ Continue Reading ]
SHALL BE HUMBLED (ταπεινωθησετα). First future passive. One of the repeated sayings of Jesus (Luke 18:14; Matthew 23:12).... [ Continue Reading ]
A DINNER OR A SUPPER (αριστον η δειπνον). More exactly, a breakfast or a dinner with distinction between them as already shown. This is a parable for the host as one had just been given for the guests, though Luke does not term this a parable.CALL NOT (μη φωνε). Μη and the present imperative ac... [ Continue Reading ]
WHEN THOU MAKEST A FEAST (οταν δοχην ποιηις). Hοταν and the present subjunctive in an indefinite temporal clause. Δοχη means reception as in Luke 5:29, late word, only in these two passages in the N.T. Note absence of article with these adjectives in the Greek (poor people, maimed folks, lame peo... [ Continue Reading ]
TO RECOMPENSE THEE (ανταποδουνα σο). Second aorist active infinitive of this old and common double compound verb, to give back in return. The reward will come at the resurrection if not before and thou shalt be happy.... [ Continue Reading ]
BLESSED (μακαριος). Happy, same word in the Beatitudes of Jesus (Matthew 5:3). This pious platitude whether due to ignorance or hypocrisy was called forth by Christ's words about the resurrection. It was a common figure among the rabbis, the use of a banquet for the bliss of heaven. This man may... [ Continue Reading ]
MADE (εποιε). Imperfect active, was on the point of making (inchoative).GREAT SUPPER (δειπνον). Or dinner, a formal feast. Jesus takes up the conventional remark of the guest and by this parable shows that such an attitude was no guarantee of godliness (Bruce). This parable of the marriage of t... [ Continue Reading ]
HIS SERVANT (τον δουλον αυτου). His bondservant. _Vocator_ or Summoner (Esther 5:8; Esther 6:14). This second summons was the custom then as now with wealthy Arabs. Tristram (_Eastern Customs_, p. 82) says: "To refuse the second summons would be an insult, which is equivalent among the Arab tribe... [ Continue Reading ]
WITH ONE CONSENT (απο μιας). Some feminine substantive like γνωμης or ψυχης has to be supplied. This precise idiom occurs nowhere else. It looked like a conspiracy for each one in his turn did the same thing.TO MAKE EXCUSE (παραιτεισθα). This common Greek verb is used in various ways, to ask som... [ Continue Reading ]
TO PROVE THEM (δοκιμασα αυτα). He could have tested them before buying. The oxen would not run away or be stolen.... [ Continue Reading ]
I CANNOT COME (ου δυναμα ελθειν). Less polite than the others but a more plausible pretence if he wanted to make it so. The law excused a newly married man from war (Deuteronomy 24:5), "but not from social courtesy" (Ragg). The new wife would probably have been glad to go with him to the feast if... [ Continue Reading ]
BEING ANGRY (οργισθεις). First aorist (ingressive) passive, becoming angry.QUICKLY (ταχεως). The dinner is ready and no time is to be lost. The invitation goes still to those in the city.STREETS AND LANES (τας πλατειας κα ρυμας). Broadways and runways (broad streets and narrow lanes).MAIMED... [ Continue Reading ]
AND YET THERE IS ROOM (κα ετ τοπος εστιν). The Master had invited "many" (verse Luke 14:16) who had all declined. The servant knew the Master wished the places to be filled.... [ Continue Reading ]
THE HIGHWAYS AND HEDGES (τας οδους κα φραγμους). The public roads outside the city of Judaism just as the streets and lanes were inside the city. The heathen are to be invited this time.HEDGES is fenced in places from φρασσω, to fence in (Romans 3:19).COMPEL (αναγκασον). First aorist active im... [ Continue Reading ]
MY SUPPER (μου του δειπνου). Here it is still the Master of the feast who is summing up his reasons for his conduct. We do not have to say that Jesus shuts the door now in the face of the Jews who may turn to him.... [ Continue Reading ]
AND HE TURNED (κα στραφεις). Second aorist passive participle of στρεφω, common verb. It is a dramatic act on the part of Jesus, a deliberate effort to check the wild and unthinking enthusiasm of the crowds who followed just to be following. Note "many multitudes" (οχλο πολλο) and the imperfect t... [ Continue Reading ]
HATETH NOT (ου μισε). An old and very strong verb μισεω, to hate, detest. The orientals use strong language where cooler spirits would speak of preference or indifference. But even so Jesus does not here mean that one must hate his father or mother of necessity or as such, for Matthew 15:4 proves... [ Continue Reading ]
HIS OWN CROSS (τον σταυρον εαυτου). This familiar figure we have had already (Luke 9:23; Mark 8:34; Matthew 10:38; Matthew 16:24). Each follower has a cross which he must bear as Jesus did his. Βασταζω is used of cross bearing in the N.T. only here (figuratively) and John 19:17 literally of Jesus... [ Continue Reading ]
BUILD A TOWER (πυργον οικοδομησα). A common metaphor, either a tower in the city wall like that by the Pool of Siloam (Luke 13:4) or a watchtower in a vineyard (Matthew 21:33) or a tower-shaped building for refuge or ornament as here. This parable of the rash builder has the lesson of counting th... [ Continue Reading ]
LEST HAPLY (ινα μηποτε). Double final particles (positive and negative with addition of ποτε). Used here with aorist middle subjunctive in αρξωντα (begin).WHEN HE HATH LAID... AND WAS NOT ABLE (θεντος αυτου... κα μη ισχυοντος)TO FINISH (εκτελεσα). First aorist active infinitive. Note perfecti... [ Continue Reading ]
THIS MAN (ουτος ο ανθρωπος). This fellow, contemptuous or sarcastic use of ουτος.... [ Continue Reading ]
TO ENCOUNTER (συνβαλειν). Second aorist active infinitive of συνβαλλω, old and common verb, to throw or bring together, to dispute, to clash in war as here.ANOTHER KING (ετερω βασιλε), to grapple with another king in war or for war (εις πολεμον). Associative instrumental case.TAKE COUNSEL (βο... [ Continue Reading ]
OR ELSE (ε δε μηγε). Same idiom in Luke 5:36. Luke is fond of this formula.AN AMBASSAGE (πρεσβειαν). Old and common word for the office of ambassador, composed of old men (πρεσβεις) like Japanese Elder Statesmen who are supposed to possess wisdom. In the N.T. only here and Luke 19:14.ASKETH CON... [ Continue Reading ]
RENOUNCETH NOT (ουκ αποτασσετα). Old Greek word to set apart as in a military camp, then in the middle voice to separate oneself from, say good-bye to (Luke 9:61), to renounce, forsake, as here.ALL THAT HE HATH (πασιν τοις εαυτου υπαρχουσιν). Dative case, says good-bye to all his property, "all... [ Continue Reading ]
DUNGHILL (κοπριαν). Later word in the _Koine_ vernacular. Here only in the N.T., though in the LXX.MEN CAST IT OUT (εξω βαλλουσιν αυτο). Impersonal plural. This saying about salt is another of Christ's repeated sayings (Matthew 5:13; Mark 9:50). Another repeated saying is the one here about hav... [ Continue Reading ]