Luke 19:1
WAS PASSING THROUGH (διηρχετο). Imperfect middle. Now Jesus was inside the Roman Jericho with the procession.... [ Continue Reading ]
WAS PASSING THROUGH (διηρχετο). Imperfect middle. Now Jesus was inside the Roman Jericho with the procession.... [ Continue Reading ]
CHIEF PUBLICAN (αρχιτελωνης). The word occurs nowhere else apparently but the meaning is clear from the other words with αρχι- like αρχιερευς (chief priest) αρχιποιμην (chief shepherd). Jericho was an important trading point for balsam and other things and so Zacchaeus was the head of the tax col... [ Continue Reading ]
HE SOUGHT (εζητε). Imperfect active. He was seeking, conative idea.JESUS WHO HE WAS (Ιησουν τις εστιν). Prolepsis, to see who Jesus was. He had heard so much about him. He wanted to see which one of the crowd was Jesus.FOR THE CROWD (απο του οχλου). He was short and the crowd was thick and cl... [ Continue Reading ]
RAN ON BEFORE (προδραμων εις το εμπροσθεν). Second aorist active participle of προτρεχω (defective verb). "Before" occurs twice (προ- and εις το εμπροσθεν).INTO A SYCAMORE TREE (επ συκομορεαν). From συκον, fig, and μορον, mulberry. The fig-mulberry and quite a different tree from the sycamine t... [ Continue Reading ]
MAKE HASTE AND COME DOWN (σπευσας καταβηθ). Simultaneous aorist active participle (σπευσας) with the second aorist active imperative. "Come down in a hurry.... [ Continue Reading ]
HE MADE HASTE AND CAME DOWN (σπευσας κατεβη). Luke repeats the very words of Jesus with the same idiom.RECEIVED HIM JOYFULLY (υπεδεξατο αυτον χαιρων). The very verb used of Martha's welcome to Jesus (Luke 10:38). "Joyfully" is the present active participle, "rejoicing" (χαιρων).... [ Continue Reading ]
MURMURED (διεγογγυζοντο). Imperfect middle of this compound onomatopoetic word δια-γογγυζω. In Luke 5:30 we have the simple γογγυζω, a late word like the cooing doves or the hum of bees. This compound with δια- is still rarer, but more expressive.TO LODGE (καταλυσα). Jesus was the hero of this... [ Continue Reading ]
STOOD (σταθεις). Apparently Jesus and Zacchaeus had come to the house of Zacchaeus and were about to enter when the murmur became such a roar that Zacchaeus turned round and faced the crowd.IF I HAVE WRONGFULLY EXACTED AUGHT OF ANY MAN (ε τινος τ εσυκοφαντησα). A most significant admission and... [ Continue Reading ]
THE LOST (το απολωλος). The neuter as a collective whole, second perfect active participle of απολλυμ, to destroy. See Luke 19:15 for the idea of the lost.... [ Continue Reading ]
HE ADDED AND SPAKE (προσθεις ειπεν). Second aorist active participle of προστιθημ with ειπεν. It is a Hebrew idiom seen also in Luke 20:1 he added to send (προσεθετο πεμψα) and in Acts 12:3 "he added to seize" (προσεθετο συλλαβειν). This undoubted Hebraism occurs in the N.T. in Luke only, probabl... [ Continue Reading ]
TO TAKE TO HIMSELF A KINGDOM (λαβειν εαυτω βασιλειαν). Second aorist active infinitive of λαμβανω with the dative reflexive εαυτω where the middle voice could have been used. Apparently this parable has the historical basis of Archelaus who actually went from Jerusalem to Rome on this very errand... [ Continue Reading ]
TRADE YE HEREWITH TILL I COME (πραγματευσασθε εν ω ερχομα). First aorist middle imperative of πραγματευομα, an old verb from πραγμα, business. Here only in the N.T. Westcott and Hort in their text read πραγματευσασθα, first aorist middle infinitive (-α and -ε were pronounced alike). The infinitiv... [ Continue Reading ]
HIS CITIZENS (ο πολιτα αυτου). That actually happened with Archelaus.... [ Continue Reading ]
WHEN HE WAS COME BACK AGAIN (εν τω επανελθειν αυτον). "On the coming back again as to him." Luke's favourite idiom of the articular infinitive after εν and with the accusative of general reference.HAD GIVEN (δεδωκε). Past perfect active indicative without augment of διδωμ.THAT HE MIGHT KNOW ... [ Continue Reading ]
HATH MADE (προσηργασατο). Only here in the N.T. Note προσ- in addition, besides, more.... [ Continue Reading ]
HAVE THOU AUTHORITY (ισθ εξουσιαν εχων). Periphrastic present active imperative. Keep on having authority.... [ Continue Reading ]
BE THOU ALSO OVER (κα συ επανο γινου). Present middle imperative. Keep on becoming over. There is no real reason for identifying this parable of the pounds with the parable of the talents in Luke 19:25. The versatility of Jesus needs to be remembered by those who seek to flatten out everything.... [ Continue Reading ]
I KEPT (ειχον). Imperfect active of εχω. I kept on keeping.LAID UP (αποκειμενην). Present passive participle agreeing with ην (which), used often as perfect passive of τιθημ as here, laid away or off (απο). It is not the periphrastic construction, but two separate verbs, each with its own force... [ Continue Reading ]
I FEARED (εφοβουμην). Imperfect middle, I continued to fear.AUSTERE (αυστηρος). Old Greek word from αυω, to dry up. Reproduced in Latin _austeros_ and English _austere_. It means rough to the taste, stringent. Here only in the N.T. Compare σκληρος (hard) in Matthew 25:24. "Harsh in flavour, the... [ Continue Reading ]
THOU KNEWEST (ηιδεις). Second past perfect of οραω, to see, used as imperfect of οιδα, to know. Either it must be taken as a question as Westcott and Hort do or be understood as sarcasm as the Revised Version has it. The words of the wicked (πονηρος) slave are turned to his own condemnation.... [ Continue Reading ]
THEN WHEREFORE (κα δια τ). Note this inferential use of και- in that case.INTO THE BANK (επ τραπεζαν). Literally,UPON A TABLE . This old word τραπεζα, from τετραπεζα (τετρα, four, πους, foot). It means then any table (Mark 7:28), food on the table (Acts 16:34), feast or banquet (Romans 11:9),... [ Continue Reading ]
AND THEY SAID UNTO HIM (κα ειπαν αυτω). Probably the eager audience who had been listening to this wonderful parable interrupted Jesus at this point because of this sudden turn when the one pound is given to the man who has ten pounds. If so, it shows plainly how keenly they followed the story wh... [ Continue Reading ]
THAT HATH NOT (του μη εχοντος). The present tense of εχω here, that keeps on not having, probably approaches the idea of acquiring or getting, the one who keeps on not acquiring. This is the law of nature and of grace.... [ Continue Reading ]
REIGN (βασιλευσα). First aorist active infinitive, ingressive aorist, come to rule.SLAY (κατασφαξατε). First aorist active imperative of κατασφαζω, to slaughter, an old verb, but only here in the N.T.... [ Continue Reading ]
WENT ON BEFORE (επορευετο εμπροσθεν). Imperfect middle. Jesus left the parable to do its work and slowly went on his way up the hill to Jerusalem.... [ Continue Reading ]
UNTO BETHPHAGE AND BETHANY (εις Βηθφαγη κα Βηθανια). Both indeclinable forms of the Hebrew or Aramaic names. In Mark 11:1 "Bethany" is inflected regularly, which see.OF OLIVES (Ελαιων). As in Mark 11:1; Matthew 21:1, though some editors take it to be, not the genitive plural of ελαια (olive tre... [ Continue Reading ]
WHEREON NO MAN EVER YET SAT (εφ' ον ουδεις πωποτε ανθρωπων εκαθισεν). Plummer holds that this fact indicated to the disciples a royal progress into the city of a piece with the Virgin Birth of Jesus and the burial in a new tomb.... [ Continue Reading ]
AS HE HAD SAID UNTO THEM (καθως ειπεν αυτοις). Luke alone notes this item.... [ Continue Reading ]
AS THEY WERE LOOSING (λυοντων αυτων). Genitive absolute.THE OWNERS THEREOF (ο κυριο αυτου). The same word κυριος used of the Lord Jesus in verse Luke 19:31 (and Luke 19:34) and which these "owners" would understand. See on Matthew 21:3; Mark 11:3 for κυριος used by Jesus about himself with the... [ Continue Reading ]
SET JESUS THEREON (επεβιβασαν τον Ιησουν). First aorist active. Old verb, to cause to mount, causative verb from βαινω, to go. In the N.T. only here and Luke 10:34; Acts 23:24.... [ Continue Reading ]
THEY SPREAD (υπεστρωννυον). Imperfect active describing the continued spreading as they went on. Hυποστρωννυω is a late form of the old verb υποστορεννυμ. Here only in the N.T.... [ Continue Reading ]
AT THE DESCENT (προς τη καταβασε). Epexegetic of "drawing nigh." They were going by the southern slope of the Mount of Olives. As they turned down to the city, the grand view stirred the crowd to rapturous enthusiasm. This was the first sight of the city on this route which is soon obscured in th... [ Continue Reading ]
THE KING COMETH (ο ερχομενοσ, ο βασιλευς). The Messianic hopes of the people were now all ablaze with expectation of immediate realization. A year ago in Galilee he had frustrated their plans for a revolutionary movement "to take him by force to make him king" (John 6:15). The phrase "the coming... [ Continue Reading ]
SOME OF THE PHARISEES (τινες των Φαρισαιων). Luke seems to imply by "from the multitude" (απο του οχλου) that these Pharisees were in the procession, perhaps half-hearted followers of the mob. But John 12:19 speaks of Pharisees who stood off from the procession and blamed each other for their fai... [ Continue Reading ]
IF THESE SHALL HOLD THEIR PEACE (εαν ουτο σιωπησουσιν). A condition of the first class, determined as fulfilled. The use of εαν rather than ε cuts no figure in the case (see Acts 8:31; 1 Thessalonians 3:8; 1 John 5:15). The kind of condition is determined by the mode which is here indicative. The... [ Continue Reading ]
WEPT (εκλαυσεν). Ingressive aorist active indicative, burst into tears. Probably audible weeping.... [ Continue Reading ]
IF THOU HADST KNOWN (ε εγνως). Second aorist active indicative of γινωσκω. Second-class condition, determined as unfulfilled.EVEN THOU (κα συ). Emphatic position of the subject.BUT NOW (νυν δε). Aposiopesis. The conclusion is not expressed and the sudden breaking off and change of structure i... [ Continue Reading ]
SHALL CAST UP A BANK (παρεμβαλουσιν χαρακα). Future active indicative of παρεμβαλλω, a double compound (παρα, εν, βαλλω) of long usage, finally in a military sense of line of battle or in camp. Here alone in the N.T. So also the word χαρακα (χαραξ) for bank, stake, palisade, rampart, is here alon... [ Continue Reading ]
SHALL DASH TO THE GROUND (εδαφιουσιν). Attic future of εδαφιζω, to beat level, to raze to the ground, a rare verb from εδαφος, bottom, base, ground (Acts 22:7), here alone in the N.T.BECAUSE (ανθ' ων). "In return for which things."THOU KNEWEST NOT (ουκ εγνως). Applying the very words of the l... [ Continue Reading ]
BEGAN TO CAST OUT (ηρξατο εκβαλλειν). So Mark 11:15 whereas Matthew 21:12 has simply "he cast out." See Mark and Matthew for discussion of this second cleansing of the temple at the close of the public ministry in relation to the one at the beginning in John 2:14-22. There is nothing gained by ac... [ Continue Reading ]
HE WAS TEACHING (ην διδασκων). Periphrastic imperfect.DAILY (το καθ' ημεραν). Note the accusative neuter article, "as to the according to the day," very awkward English surely, but perfectly good Greek. The same idiom occurs in Luke 11:3.SOUGHT (εζητουν). Imperfect active, conative imperfect,... [ Continue Reading ]
THEY COULD NOT FIND (ουχ ηυρισκον). Imperfect active. They kept on not finding.WHAT THEY MIGHT DO (το τ ποιησωσιν). First aorist active deliberative subjunctive in a direct question retained in the indirect. Note the article το (neuter accusative) with the question.HUNG UPON HIM (εξεκρεμετο α... [ Continue Reading ]