ON ONE OF THE DAYS (εν μια των ημερων). Luke's favourite way of indicating time. It was the last day of the temple teaching (Tuesday). Luke 20:1-19 is to be compared with Mark 11:27-12; Matthew 21:23-46.THERE CAME UPON HIM (επεστησαν). Second aorist active indicative, ingressive aorist of εφιστ... [ Continue Reading ]
TELL US (ειπον ημιν). Luke adds these words to what Mark and Matthew have. Second aorist active imperative for the old form ειπε and with ending -ον of the first aorist active. Westcott and Hort punctuate the rest of the sentence as an indirect question after ειπον, but the Revised Version puts a... [ Continue Reading ]
QUESTION (λογον). Literally, word. So in Mark 11:29; Matthew 21:24.... [ Continue Reading ]
THEY REASONED WITH THEMSELVES (συνελογισαντο). First aorist middle of συλλογιζομα, to bring together accounts, an old word, only here in the N.T. Mark and Matthew have διελογιζοντο (imperfect middle of διαλογιζομα, a kindred verb, to reckon between one another, confer). This form (διελογιζοντο) i... [ Continue Reading ]
WILL STONE US (καταλιθασε). Late verb and here only in the N.T. Literally, will throw stones down on us, stone us down, overwhelm us with stones.THEY BE PERSUADED (πεπεισμενος εστιν). Periphrastic perfect passive indicative of πειθω, to persuade, a settled state of persuasion, "is persuaded" (n... [ Continue Reading ]
THAT THEY KNEW NOT (μη ειδενα). Accusative and infinitive in indirect assertion again with the negative μη rather than ου.... [ Continue Reading ]
VINEYARD (αμπελωνα). Late word from αμπελος (vine), place of vines. So in Mark 12:1; Matthew 21:33.LET IT OUT (εξεδετο). Second aorist middle of εκδιδωμ, but with variable vowel ε in place of ο of the stem δο (εξεδοτο). Same form in Mark and Matthew.FOR A LONG TIME (χρονους ικανους). Accusati... [ Continue Reading ]
AT THE SEASON (καιρω). The definite season for the fruit like ο καιρος των καρπων (Matthew 21:34). That they should give (ινα δωσουσιν). Future indicative with ινα for purpose like the aorist subjunctive, though not so frequent.... [ Continue Reading ]
HE SENT YET ANOTHER (προσεθετο ετερον πεμψα). Literally,HE ADDED TO SEND ANOTHER . A clear Hebraism repeated in verse Luke 20:12 and also in Luke 19:11.... [ Continue Reading ]
THEY WOUNDED (τραυματισαντες). First aorist active participle of τραυματιζω. An old verb, from τραυμα, a wound, but in the N.T. only here and Acts 19:16.... [ Continue Reading ]
WHAT SHALL I DO? (Τ ποιησω;). Deliberative future indicative or aorist subjunctive (same form). This detail only in Luke. Note the variations in all three Gospels. All three have "will reverence" (εντραπησοντα) for which see Matthew and Mark.IT MAY BE (ισως). Perhaps, from ισος, equal. Old adve... [ Continue Reading ]
THAT THE INHERITANCE MAY BE OURS (ινα ημων γενητα η κληρονομια). That the inheritance may become (γενητα, second aorist middle subjunctive of γινομα). Here Matthew 21:39 has σχωμεν "let us get, ingressive aorist active subjunctive." Cf. εχωμεν, present subjunctive of the same verb εχω in Romans 5... [ Continue Reading ]
GOD FORBID (μη γενοιτο). Optative of wish about the future with μη. Literally,MAY IT NOT HAPPEN . No word "God" in the Greek. This was the pious protest of the defeated members of the Sanhedrin who began to see the turn of the parable against themselves.... [ Continue Reading ]
HE LOOKED UPON THEM (εμβλεψας αυτοις). Not in Mark and Matthew. First aorist active participle of εμβλεπω, to look on. It was a piercing glance. The scripture quoted is from Psalms 118:22 and is in Mark 11:10; Matthew 21:42, which see for the inverted attraction of the case λιθον (stone) to that... [ Continue Reading ]
SHALL BE BROKEN TO PIECES (συνθλασθησετα). Future passive indicative of συνθλαω, a rather late compound, only here in the N.T. unless Matthew 21:44 is genuine. It means to shatter.WILL SCATTER HIM AS DUST (λικμησε). From λικμαω, an old verb to winnow and then to grind to powder. Only here in th... [ Continue Reading ]
TO LAY HANDS ON HIM (επιβαλειν επ' αυτον τας χειρας). Second aorist active infinitive of επιβαλλω, an old verb and either transitively as here or intransitively as in Mark 4:37. Vivid picture here where Mark 12:12; Matthew 21:46 has "to seize" (κρατησα).IN THAT VERY HOUR (εν αυτη τη ωρα). Luke'... [ Continue Reading ]
THEY WATCHED HIM (παρατηρησαντες). First aorist active participle of παρατηρεω, a common Greek verb to watch on the side or insidiously or with evil intent as in Luke 6:7 (παρετηρουντο) of the scribes and Pharisees. See on Mark 3:2. There is no "him" in the Greek. They were watching their chance.... [ Continue Reading ]
RIGHTLY (ορθως). Matthew (Matthew 22:16) notes that these "spies" were "disciples" (students) of the Pharisees and Mark (Mark 12:13) adds that the Herodians are also involved in the plot. These bright theologues are full of palaver and flattery and openly endorse the teaching of Jesus as part of... [ Continue Reading ]
TRIBUTE (φορον). Old word for the annual tax on land, houses, etc. Mark and Matthew have κηνσον, which see for this Latin word in Greek letters. The picture on the coin may have been that of Tiberius.... [ Continue Reading ]
PERCEIVED (κατανοησας). From κατανοεω, to put the mind down on. Mark has ειδως, "knowing," and Matthew γνους, coming to know or grasping (second aorist active participle of γινωσκω).CRAFTINESS (πανουργιαν). Old word for doing any deed. Matthew has "wickedness" (πονηριαν) and Mark "hypocrisy" (υ... [ Continue Reading ]
THEY WERE NOT ABLE (ουκ ισχυσαν). They did not have strength. An old verb ισχυω from ισχυς (strength). They failed "to take hold (cf. verse Luke 20:20) of the saying before the people." These "crack" students had made an ignominious failure and were not able to make a case for the surrender of Je... [ Continue Reading ]
THERE IS NO RESURRECTION (αναστασιν μη εινα). Accusative and infinitive with negative μη in indirect assertion. The Sadducees rally after the complete discomfiture of the Pharisees and Herodians. They had a stock conundrum with which they had often gotten a laugh on the Pharisees. So they volunte... [ Continue Reading ]
HAD HER (εσχον). Constative second aorist indicative of εχω including all seven seriatim. So Matthew 22:28; Mark 12:33 TO WIFE (γυναικα). As wife, accusative in apposition with "her.... [ Continue Reading ]
EQUAL UNTO THE ANGELS (ισαγγελο). A rare and late word from ισος, equal, and αγγελος. Only here in the N.T. Mark and Matthew have "as angels" (ως αγγελο). Angels do not marry, there is no marriage in heaven.SONS OF GOD, BEING SONS OF THE RESURRECTION (υιο θεου της αναστασεως υιο οντες). This He... [ Continue Reading ]
EVEN MOSES (κα Μωυσης). Moses was used by the Sadducees to support their denial of the resurrection. This passage (Exodus 3:6) Jesus skilfully uses as a proof of the resurrection. See discussion on Matthew 22:32; Mark 12:26.... [ Continue Reading ]
CERTAIN OF THE SCRIBES (τινες των γραμματεων). Pharisees who greatly enjoyed this use by Jesus of a portion of the Pentateuch against the position of the Sadducees. So they praise the reply of Jesus, hostile though they are to him.... [ Continue Reading ]
THEY DURST NOT ANY MORE (ουκετ ετολμων ουδεν). Double negative and imperfect active of τολμαω. The courage of Pharisees, Sadducees, Herodians vanished.... [ Continue Reading ]
HOW SAY THEY? (Πως λεγουσιν;). The Pharisees had rallied in glee and one of their number, a lawyer, had made a feeble contribution to the controversy which resulted in his agreement with Jesus and in praise from Jesus (Mark 12:28-34; Matthew 27:34-40). Luke does not give this incident which makes... [ Continue Reading ]
FOR DAVID HIMSELF (αυτος γαρ Δαυειδ). This language of Jesus clearly means that he treats David as the author of Luke 20:110. The inspiration of this Psalm is expressly stated in Mark 12:36; Matthew 22:43 (which see) and the Messianic character of the Psalm in all three Synoptics who all quote the... [ Continue Reading ]
DAVID THEREFORE (Δαυειδ ουν). Without ε as in Matthew 22:45. On the basis of this definite piece of exegesis (ουν, therefore) Jesus presses the problem (πως, how) for an explanation. The deity and the humanity of the Messiah in Luke 20:110 are thus set forth, the very problems that disturbed the... [ Continue Reading ]
IN THE HEARING OF ALL THE PEOPLE (ακουοντος παντος του λαου). Genitive absolute, "while all the people were listening" (present active participle). That is the time to speak. The details in this verse and verse Luke 20:47 are precisely those given in Mark 12:38, which see for discussion of details... [ Continue Reading ]