AFTER (επειδη, επε ανδ δη). This conjunction was written επε δη in Homer and is simple επε with the intensive δη added and even επε δη περ once in N.T. (Luke 1:1). This is the only instance of the temporal use of επειδη in the N.T. The causal sense occurs only in Luke and Paul, for επε is the cor... [ Continue Reading ]
CENTURION'S SERVANT (Hεκατονταρχου τινος δουλος). Slave of a certain centurion (Latin word χεντυριο, commander of a century or hundred). Mark 15:39; Mark 15:44 has the Latin word in Greek letters, κεντυριων. The centurion commanded a company which varied from fifty to a hundred. Each cohort had si... [ Continue Reading ]
SENT UNTO HIM ELDERS OF THE JEWS (απεστειλεν προς αυτον πρεσβουτερους των Ιουδαιων). Matthew 8:5 says "the centurion came unto him." For discussion of this famous case of apparent discrepancy see discussion on Matthew. One possible solution is that Luke tells the story as it happened with the det... [ Continue Reading ]
BESOUGHT (παρεκαλουν). Imperfect active, began and kept on beseeching. This is the same verb used by Matthew in Matthew 8:5 of the centurion himself.EARNESTLY (σπουδαιως). From σπουδη haste. So eagerly, earnestly, zealously, for time was short.THAT THOU SHOULDST DO THIS FOR HIM (ω παρεξη τουτ... [ Continue Reading ]
FOR (γαρ). This clause gives the reason why the elders of the Jews consider him "worthy" (αξιος, drawing down the scale, αξις, αγο). He was hardly a proselyte, but was a Roman who had shown his love for the Jews.HIMSELF (αυτος). All by himself and at his own expense.US (ημιν). Dative case, fo... [ Continue Reading ]
WENT WITH THEM (επορευετο συν αυτοις). Imperfect indicative middle. He started to go along with them.NOW (ηδη). Already like Latin _jam_. In 1 Corinthians 4:8 νυν ηδη like _jam nunc_.SENT FRIENDS (επεμψεν φιλους). This second embassy also, wanting in Matthew's narrative. He "puts the message... [ Continue Reading ]
WHEREFORE NEITHER THOUGHT I MYSELF WORTHY TO COME UNTO THEE (διο ουδε εμαυτον ηξιωσα προς σε ελθειν). Not in Matthew because he represents the centurion as coming to Jesus.SPEAK THE WORD (ειπε λογω). As in Matthew 8:8. Second aorist active imperative with instrumental case, speak with a word.MY... [ Continue Reading ]
"SET" (τασσομενος). Genuine here, though doubtful in Matthew 8:9 where see discussion of this vivid and characteristic speech of the centurion.... [ Continue Reading ]
TURNED (στραφεις). Second aorist passive participle of στρεφω, to turn. Common verb. A vivid touch not in Matthew's account. In both Matthew and Luke Jesus marvels at the great faith of this Roman centurion beyond that among the Jews. As a military man he had learned how to receive orders and to... [ Continue Reading ]
WHOLE (υγιαινοντα). Sound, well. See Luke 5:31.... [ Continue Reading ]
SOON AFTERWARDS (εν το εξης). According to this reading supply χρονω, time. Other MSS. read τη εξης (supply ημερα, day). Hεξης occurs in Luke and Acts in the N.T. though old adverb of time.THAT (Hοτ). Not in the Greek, the two verbs εγενετο and επορευθη having no connective (asyndeton).WENT WIT... [ Continue Reading ]
BEHOLD (κα ιδου). The κα introduces the apodosis of the temporal sentence and has to be left out in translations. It is a common idiom in Luke, κα ιδου.THERE WAS CARRIED OUT (εξεκομιζετο). Imperfect passive indicative. Common verb in late Greek for carrying out a body for burial, though here on... [ Continue Reading ]
THE LORD SAW HER (ιδων αυτην ο κυριος). The Lord of Life confronts death (Plummer) and Luke may use Κυριος here purposely.HAD COMPASSION (εσπλαγχθη). First aorist (ingressive) passive indicative of σπλαγχνιζομα. Often love and pity are mentioned as the motives for Christ's miracles (Matthew 14:... [ Continue Reading ]
TOUCHED THE BIER (ηψατο του σορου). An urn for the bones or ashes of the dead in Homer, then the coffin (Genesis 5:26), then the funeral couch or bier as here. Only here in the N.T. Jesus touched the bier to make the bearers stop, which they did ( STOOD STILL , εστησαν), second aorist active indi... [ Continue Reading ]
SAT UP (ανεκαθισεν). First aorist active indicative. The verb in the N.T. only here and Acts 9:40. Medical writers often used it of the sick sitting up in bed (Hobart, _Med. Lang. of St. Luke_, p. 11). It is objected that the symmetry of these cases (daughter of Jairus raised from the death-bed,... [ Continue Reading ]
FEAR SEIZED ALL (ελαβεν δε φοβος παντας). Aorist active indicative. At once.THEY GLORIFIED GOD (εδοξαζον τον θεον). Imperfect active, inchoative, began and increased.... [ Continue Reading ]
THIS REPORT (ο λογος ουτος). That God had raised up a great prophet who had shown his call by raising the dead.... [ Continue Reading ]
AND THE DISCIPLES OF JOHN TOLD HIM (κα απηγγειλαν Ιωανη ο μαθητα αυτου). Literally, and his disciples announced to John. Such news (verse Luke 7:17) was bound to come to the ears of the Baptist languishing in the dungeon of Machaerus (Luke 3:20). Luke 7:18-35 runs parallel with Matthew 11:2-19, a... [ Continue Reading ]
CALLING UNTO HIM (προσκαλεσαμενος). First aorist middle (indirect) participle.TWO (δυο τινας). Certain two. Not in Matthew 11:2.SAYING (λεγων). John saying by the two messengers. The message is given precisely alike in Matthew 11:3, which see. In both we have ετερον for "another," either a se... [ Continue Reading ]
IN THAT HOUR HE CURED (εν εκεινη τη ορα εθεραπευσεν). This item is not in Matthew. Jesus gave the two disciples of John an example of the direct method. They had heard. Then they saw for themselves.DISEASES (νοσων),PLAGUES (μαστιγων),EVIL SPIRITS (πνευματων πονηρων), all kinds of bodily ill... [ Continue Reading ]
WHAT THINGS YE HAVE SEEN AND HEARD (α ειδετε κα ηκουσατε). In Matthew 11:4, present tense "which ye do hear and see." Rest of verse Luke 7:22; Luke 7:23 as in Matthew 11:4-6, which see for details. Luke mentions no raisings from the dead in verse Luke 7:21, but the language is mainly general, whi... [ Continue Reading ]
WHEN THE MESSENGERS OF JOHN WERE DEPARTED (απελθοντων των αγγελων Ιωανου). Genitive absolute of aorist active participle. Matthew 11:7 has the present middle participle πορευομενων, suggesting that Jesus began his eulogy of John as soon as the messengers (angels, Luke calls them) were on their wa... [ Continue Reading ]
GORGEOUSLY APPARELLED (εν ιματισμω ενδοξω). In splendid clothing. Here alone in this sense in the N.T.AND LIVE DELICATELY (τρυφη). From θρυπτω to break down, to enervate, an old word for luxurious living. See the verb τρυφαω in James 5:5.IN KINGS' COURTS (εν τοις βασιλειοις). Only here in the... [ Continue Reading ]
A PROPHET? (προφητην;). A real prophet will always get a hearing if he has a message from God. He is a for-speaker, forth-teller (προ-φητης). He may or may not be a fore-teller. The main thing is for the prophet to have a message from God which he is willing to tell at whatever cost to himself. T... [ Continue Reading ]
THERE IS NONE (ουδεις εστιν). No one exists, this means. Matthew 11:11 has ουκ εγηγερτα (hath not arisen). See Matthew for discussion of "but little" and "greater.... [ Continue Reading ]
JUSTIFIED GOD (εδικαιωσαν τον θεον). They considered God just or righteous in making these demands of them. Even the publicans did. They submitted to the baptism of John (βαπτισθεντες το βαπτισμα του Ιωανου. First aorist passive participle with the cognate accusative retained in the passive. Some... [ Continue Reading ]
REJECTED FOR THEMSELVES (ηθετησαν εις εαυτους). The first aorist active of αθετεω first seen in LXX and Polybius. Occurs in the papyri. These legalistic interpreters of the law refused to admit the need of confession of sin on their part and so set aside the baptism of John. They annulled God's p... [ Continue Reading ]
AND TO WHAT ARE THEY LIKE? (κα τιν εισιν ομοιοι;). This second question is not in Matthew 11:16. It sharpens the point. The case of τιν is associative instrumental after ομοιο. See discussion of details in Matthew.... [ Continue Reading ]
AND YE DID NOT WEEP (κα ουκ εκλαυσατε). Here Matthew 1:17 has "and ye did not mourn (or beat your breast, ουκ εκοψασθε). They all did it at funerals. These children would not play wedding or funeral.... [ Continue Reading ]
JOHN THE BAPTIST IS COME (εληλυθεν). Second perfect active indicative where Matthew 11:18 has ηλθεν second aorist active indicative. So as to verse Luke 7:34. Luke alone has "bread" and "wine." Otherwise these verses like Matthew 11:18; Matthew 11:19, which see for discussion of details. There ar... [ Continue Reading ]
OF ALL HER CHILDREN (απο παντων των τεκνων αυτης). Here Matthew 11:19 has "by her works" (απο των εργων αυτης). Aleph has εργων here. The use of "children" personifies wisdom as in Luke 7:8; Luke 7:9.... [ Continue Reading ]
THAT HE WOULD EAT WITH HIM (ινα φαγη μετ' αυτου). Second aorist active subjunctive. The use of ινα after ερωταω (see also Luke 16:27) is on the border between the pure object clause and the indirect question (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 1046) and the pure final clause. Luke has two other instances of... [ Continue Reading ]
A WOMAN WHICH WAS IN THE CITY, A SINNER (γυνη ητις εν τη πολε αμαρτωλος). Probably in Capernaum. The use of ητις means "Who was of such a character as to be" (cf. Luke 8:3) and so more than merely the relative η, who, that is, "who was a sinner in the city," a woman of the town, in other words, an... [ Continue Reading ]
STANDING BEHIND AT HIS FEET (στασα οπισω παρα τους ποδας αυτου). Second aorist active participle from ιστημ and intransitive, first aorist εστησα being transitive. The guest removed his sandals before the meal and he reclined on the left side with the feet outward. She was standing beside (παρα)... [ Continue Reading ]
THIS MAN (ουτος). Contemptuous, this fellow.IF HE WERE A (THE) PROPHET (ε ην [ο] προφητης). Condition of the second class, determined as unfulfilled. The Pharisee assumes that Jesus is not a prophet (or the prophet, reading of B, that he claims to be). A Greek condition puts the thing from the... [ Continue Reading ]
ANSWERING (αποκριθεις). First aorist passive participle, redundant use with ειπεν. Jesus answers the thoughts and doubts of Simon and so shows that he knows all about the woman also. Godet notes a tone of Socratic irony here.... [ Continue Reading ]
A CERTAIN LENDER (δανιστη τιν). A lender of money with interest. Here alone in the N.T. though a common word.DEBTORS (χρεοφιλετα). From χρεω (debt, obligation) and οφειλω, to owe. Only here and Luke 16:5 in the N.T., though common in late Greek writers.OWED (ωφειλεν). Imperfect active and so... [ Continue Reading ]
WILL LOVE HIM MOST (πλειον αγαπησε αυτον). Strictly, comparativeMORE , πλειον, not superlative πλειστα, but most suits the English idiom best, even between two. Superlative forms are vanishing before the comparative in the _Koine_. This is the point of the parable, the attitude of the two debto... [ Continue Reading ]
I SUPPOSE (υπολαμβανω). Old verb, originally to take up from under, to bear away as on high, to take up in speech (Luke 10:30), to take up in mind or to assume as here and Acts 2:15. Here with an air of supercilious indifference (Plummer).THE MOST (το πλειον). The more.RIGHTLY (ορθως). Correc... [ Continue Reading ]
TURNING (στραφεις). Second aorist passive participle.SEEST THOU (βλεπεις). For the first time Jesus looks at the woman and he asks the Pharisee to look at her. She was behind Jesus. Jesus was an invited guest. The Pharisee had neglected some points of customary hospitality. The contrasts here m... [ Continue Reading ]
HATH NOT CEASED TO KISS (ου διελιπεν καταφιλουσα). Supplementary participle.... [ Continue Reading ]
WITH OINTMENT (μυρω). Instrumental case. She used the costly ointment even for the feet of Jesus.... [ Continue Reading ]
ARE FORGIVEN (αφεωντα). Doric perfect passive form. See Luke 5:21; Luke 5:23.FOR SHE LOVED MUCH (οτ ηγαπησεν πολυ). Illustration or proof, not reason for the forgiveness. Her sins had been already forgiven and remained forgiven.BUT TO WHOM LITTLE IS FORGIVEN, THE SAME LOVETH LITTLE (Hω δε ολι... [ Continue Reading ]
ARE FORGIVEN (αφεωντα). As in verse Luke 7:47. Remain forgiven, Jesus means, in spite of the slur of the Pharisee.... [ Continue Reading ]
WHO EVEN FORGIVETH SINS (ος κα αμαρτιας αφιησιν). Present indicative active of same verb, αφιημ. Once before the Pharisees considered Jesus guilty of blasphemy in claiming the power to forgive sins (Luke 5:21). Jesus read their inmost thoughts as he always does.... [ Continue Reading ]