Luke 9:1
HE CALLED THE TWELVE TOGETHER (συνκαλεσαμενος τους δωδεκα). Mark 6:7; Matthew 10:1 have προσκαλεωμα, to call to him. Both the indirect middle voice.... [ Continue Reading ]
HE CALLED THE TWELVE TOGETHER (συνκαλεσαμενος τους δωδεκα). Mark 6:7; Matthew 10:1 have προσκαλεωμα, to call to him. Both the indirect middle voice.... [ Continue Reading ]
HE SENT THEM FORTH (απεστειλεν αυτους). First aorist active indicative of αποστελλω.TO PREACH THE KINGDOM OF GOD AND TO HEAL THE SICK (κηρυσσειν την βασιλειαν του θεου κα ιασθα). Present indicative for the continuous functions during this campaign. This double office of herald (κηρυσσειν) and h... [ Continue Reading ]
NEITHER STAFF (μητε ραβδον). For the apparent contradiction between these words (Matthew 10:10) and Mark 6:8 see discussion there. For πηραν (wallet) see also on Mark 6:8 (Matthew 10:10) for this and other details here.... [ Continue Reading ]
AS MANY AS RECEIVE YOU NOT (οσο αν μη δεχωντα υμας). Indefinite relative plural with αν and present middle subjunctive and the negative μη. Here Matthew 10:14 has the singular (whosoever) and Mark 6:11 has "whatsoever place."FOR A TESTIMONY AGAINST THEM (εις μαρτυριον επ' αυτους). Note use of ε... [ Continue Reading ]
WENT (διηρχοντο). Imperfect middle, continuous and repeated action made plainer also by three present participles (εξερχομενοι, ευαγγελιζομενοι, θεραπευοντες), describing the wide extent of the work through all the villages (κατα τας κωμας, distributive use of κατα) everywhere (πανταχου) in Galil... [ Continue Reading ]
ALL THAT WAS DONE (τα γινομενα παντα). Present middle participle, "all that was coming to pass."HE WAS MUCH PERPLEXED (διηπορε). Imperfect active of διαπορεω, to be thoroughly at a loss, unable to find a way out (δια, α privative, πορος, way), common ancient verb, but only in Luke's writings in... [ Continue Reading ]
HE SOUGHT (εζητε). Imperfect active. He keep on seeking to see Jesus. The rumours disturbed Herod because he was sure that he had put him to death ("John I beheaded").... [ Continue Reading ]
DECLARED (διηγησαντο). First aorist middle of διηγεομα, to carry a narrative through to the end. Jesus listened to it all.THEY HAD DONE (εποιησαν). Aorist active indicative, they did.HE TOOK THEM (παραλαβων αυτους). Second aorist active participle of παραλαμβανω. Very common verb.BETHSAIDA... [ Continue Reading ]
SPAKE (ελαλε). Imperfect active, he continued speaking.HE HEALED (ιατο). Imperfect middle, he continued healing.... [ Continue Reading ]
TO WEAR AWAY (κλινειν). Old verb usually transitive, to bend or bow down. Many compounds as in English decline, incline, recline, clinic (κλινη, bed), etc. Luke alone in the N.T. uses it intransitively as here. The sun was turning down towards setting.LODGE (καταλυσωσιν). First aorist active su... [ Continue Reading ]
EXCEPT WE SHOULD GO AND BUY FOOD (ε μητ πορευθεντες ημεις αγορασωμεν βρωματα). This is a condition of the third class with the aorist subjunctive (αγορασωμεν), where the conjunction is usually εαν (with negative εαν μη), but not always or necessarily so especially in the _Koine_. So in 1 Corinthi... [ Continue Reading ]
ABOUT (ωσε). Luke as Matthew 14:21 adds this word to the definite statement of Mark 6:44 that there were 5,000 men, a hundred companies of fifty each.SIT DOWN (κατακλινατε). First aorist active imperative. Recline, lie down. Only in Luke in the N.T. See also verse Luke 9:15.IN COMPANIES (κλισ... [ Continue Reading ]
THE FIVE... THE TWO (τους πεντε... τους δυο). Pointing back to verse Luke 9:13, fine example of the Greek article.AND GAVE (κα εδιδου). Imperfect active of διδωμ, kept on giving. This picturesque imperfect is preceded by the aorist κατεκλασεν (brake), a single act. This latter verb in the N.T.... [ Continue Reading ]
TWELVE BASKETS (κοφινο δωδεκα). For discussion of κοφονο and σφυριδες as well as of κλασματα (broken pieces) see on Mark 6:43; Matthew 14:20.... [ Continue Reading ]
AS HE WAS PRAYING (εν τω εινα αυτον προσευχομενον). Common Lukan idiom of εν with the articular infinitive for a temporal clause, only here Luke has the periphrastic infinitive (εινα προσευχομενον) as also in Luke 11:1. This item about Christ's praying alone in Luke.ALONE (κατα μονας). In the N... [ Continue Reading ]
THAT I AM (με εινα). Accusative and infinitive in indirect assertion, a common Greek idiom. Matthew 16:13 for "I" has "the Son of man" as identical in the consciousness of Christ. The various opinions of men about Jesus here run parallel to the rumours heard by Herod (verses Luke 9:8; Luke 9:9).... [ Continue Reading ]
BUT WHO SAY YE? (Hυμεις δε τινα λεγετε;). Note the emphatic proleptical position of υμεις: "But _ye_ who do ye say? This is really what mattered now with Jesus.THE CHRIST OF GOD (Τον χριστον του θεου). The accusative though the infinitive is not expressed. The Anointed of God, the Messiah of God... [ Continue Reading ]
TO TELL THIS TO NO MAN (μηδεν λεγειν τουτο). Indirect command with the negative infinitive afterCOMMANDED (παρηγγειλεν). It had been necessary for Jesus to cease using the wordMESSIAH (Χριστος) about himself because of the political meaning to the Jews. Its use by the disciples would lead to... [ Continue Reading ]
REJECTED (αποδοκιμασθηνα). First aorist passive infinitive of αποδοκιμαζω, to reject after trial.THE THIRD DAY (τη τριτη ημερα). Locative case of time as in Matthew 16:21. Here in the parallel passage Mark 8:31 has "after three days" (μετα τρεις ημερας) in precisely the same sense. That is to sa... [ Continue Reading ]
HE SAID UNTO ALL (ελεγεν δε προς παντας). This is like Luke (cf. verse Luke 9:43). Jesus wanted all (the multitude with his disciples, as Mark 8:34 has it) to understand the lesson of self-sacrifice. They could not yet understand the full meaning of Christ's words as applied to his approaching dea... [ Continue Reading ]
WHOSOEVER SHALL BE ASHAMED (ος αν επαισχυνθη). Rather,WHOSOEVER IS ASHAMED as in Mark 8:38. The first aorist passive subjunctive in an indefinite relative clause with αν. The passive verb is transitive here also. This verb is from επ and αισχυνη, shame (in the eyes of men). Jesus endured the sh... [ Continue Reading ]
TILL THEY SEE (εως αν ιδωσιν). Second aorist active subjunctive with εως and αν referring to the future, an idiomatic construction. So in Mark 9:1; Matthew 16:28. In all three passages "shall not taste of death" (ου μη γευσωντα θανατου, double negative with aorist middle subjunctive) occurs also.... [ Continue Reading ]
ABOUT EIGHT DAYS (ωσε ημερα οκτω). A _nominativus pendens_ without connexion or construction. Mark 9:2 (Matthew 17:1) has "after six days" which agrees with the general statement.INTO THE MOUNTAIN (εις το ορος). Probably Mount Hermon because we know that Jesus was near Caesarea Philippi when Pe... [ Continue Reading ]
THERE TALKED WITH HIM (συνελαλουν αυτω). Imperfect active, were talking with him.WHO APPEARED IN GLORY (ο οφθεντες εν δοξη). First aorist passive participle of οραω. This item peculiar to Luke. Compare verse Luke 9:26.SPAKE OF HIS DECEASE (ελεγον την εξοδον). Imperfect active, were talking abo... [ Continue Reading ]
WERE HEAVY WITH SLEEP (ησαν βεβαρημενο υπνω). Periphrastic past perfect of βαρεω, a late form for the ancient βαρυνω (not in N.T. save Textus Receptus in Luke 21:34). This form, rare and only in passive (present, aorist, perfect) in the N.T., is like βαρυνω, from βαρυς, and that from βαρος, weight... [ Continue Reading ]
AS THEY WERE DEPARTING FROM HIM (εν τω διαχωριζεσθα αυτους απ' αυτου). Peculiar to Luke and another instance of Luke's common idiom of εν with the articular infinitive in a temporal clause. This common verb occurs here only in the N.T. The present middle voice means to separate oneself fully (dir... [ Continue Reading ]
OVERSHADOWED THEM (επεσκιαζεν αυτους). Imperfect active (aorist in Matthew 17:5) as present participle in Mark 9:7, inchoative, the shadow began to come upon them. On Hermon as on many high mountains a cloud will swiftly cover the cap. I have seen this very thing at Blue Ridge, North Carolina. Th... [ Continue Reading ]
If εκεινους be accepted here instead of αυτους, the three disciples would be outside of the cloud.OUT OF THE CLOUD (εκ της νεφελης). This voice was the voice of the Father like that at the baptism of Jesus (Luke 3:22; Mark 1:11; Matthew 3:17) and like that near the end (John 12:28-30) when the peo... [ Continue Reading ]
WHEN THE VOICE CAME (εν το γενεσθα την φωνην). Another example of Luke's idiom, this time with the second aorist middle infinitive. Literally, "on the coming as to the voice" (accusative of general reference). It does not mean that it was "after" the voice was past that Jesus was found alone, but... [ Continue Reading ]
ON THE NEXT DAY (τη εξης ημερα). Alone in Luke. It shows that the Transfiguration took place on the preceding night.THEY WERE COME DOWN (κατελθοντων αυτων). Genitive absolute of second aorist active participle of κατερχομα, a common enough verb, but in the N.T. only in Luke's writings save Jame... [ Continue Reading ]
MASTER (Διδασκαλε). Teacher as in Mark 9:17.LORD (κυριε, Matthew 17:15).TO LOOK UPON (επιβλεψα). Aorist active infinitive of επιβλεπω (επ, upon, βλεπω, look), common verb, but in the N.T. only here and James 2:3 except Luke 1:48 in quotation from LXX. This compound verb is common in medical w... [ Continue Reading ]
SUDDENLY (εξεφνης). Old adverb, but in the N.T. only in Luke's writings save Mark 13:36. Used by medical writers of sudden attacks of disease like epilepsy.IT TEARETH HIM THAT HE FOAMETH (σπαρασσε αυτον μετα αφρου). Literally, "It tears him with (accompanied with, μετα) foam" (old word, αφρος, o... [ Continue Reading ]
HOW LONG SHALL I BE WITH YOU AND BEAR WITH YOU? (εως ποτε εσομα προς υμας κα ανεξομα υμων;). Here the two questions of Mark 9:19 (only one in Matthew 17:17) are combined in one sentence.BEAR WITH (ανεξομα, direct middle future) is, hold myself from you (ablative case υμων).FAITHLESS (απιστος)... [ Continue Reading ]
AS HE WAS YET A COMING (ετ προσερχομενου αυτου). Genitive absolute. While he was yet coming (the boy, that is, not Jesus). Note quaint English "a coming" retained in the Revised Version.DASHED HIM (ερρηξεν αυτον). First aorist active indicative of ρηγνυμ or ρησσω, to rend or convulse, a common... [ Continue Reading ]
SINK INTO YOUR EARS (Θεσθε υμεις εις τα ωτα υμων). Second aorist imperative middle of τιθημ, common verb. "Do you (note emphatic position) yourselves (whatever others do) put into your ears." No word like "sink" here. The same prediction here as in Mark 9:31; Matthew 17:22 about the Son of man on... [ Continue Reading ]
IT WAS CONCEALED FROM THEM (ην παρακεκαλυμμενον απ' αυτων). Periphrastic past perfect of παρακαλυπτω, a common verb, but only here in the N.T., to cover up, to hide from. This item only in Luke.THAT THEY SHOULD NOT PERCEIVE IT (ινα μη αισθωντα αυτο). Second aorist middle subjunctive of the comm... [ Continue Reading ]
A REASONING (διαλογισμος). A dispute. The word is from διαλογιζομα, the verb used in Mark 9:33 about this incident. In Luke this dispute follows immediately after the words of Jesus about his death. They were afraid to ask Jesus about that subject, but Matthew 18:1 states that they came to Jesus... [ Continue Reading ]
TOOK A LITTLE CHILD (επιλαβομενος παιδιον). Second aorist middle participle of the common verb επιλαμβανω. Strictly, Taking a little child to himself (indirect middle). Mark 9:36 has merely the active λαβων of the simple verb λαμβανω. Set him by his side (εστησεν αυτο παρ' εαυτω). "In his arms" M... [ Continue Reading ]
THIS LITTLE CHILD (τουτο το παιδιον). As Jesus spoke he probably had his hand upon the head of the child. Matthew 18:5 has "one such little child." The honoured disciple, Jesus holds, is the one who welcomes little children "in my name" (επ τω ονοματ μου), upon the basis of my name and my authori... [ Continue Reading ]
AND JOHN ANSWERED (αποκριθεις δε Ιωανης). As if John wanted to change the subject after the embarrassment of the rebuke for their dispute concerning greatness (Luke 9:46-48).MASTER (επιστατα). Only in Luke in the N.T. as already four times (Luke 5:5; Luke 8:24; Luke 8:45; Luke 9:33).WE FORBADE... [ Continue Reading ]
"AGAINST YOU IS FOR YOU" (καθ' υμων υπερ υμων). Mark 9:40 has "against us is for us" (ημων... ημων). The _Koine_ Greek η and υ were often pronounced alike and it was easy to interchange them. So many MSS. here read just as in Mark. The point is precisely the same as it is a proverbial saying. See... [ Continue Reading ]
WHEN THE DAYS WERE WELL-NIGH COME (εν τω συμπληρουσθα τας ημερας). Luke's common idiom εν with the articular infinitive, "in the being fulfilled as to the days." This common compound occurs in the N.T. only here and Luke 8:23; Acts 2:1. The language here makes it plain that Jesus was fully consci... [ Continue Reading ]
SENT MESSENGERS (απεστειλεν αγγελους). As a precaution since he was going to Jerusalem through Samaria. The Samaritans did not object when people went north from Jerusalem through their country. He was repudiating Mount Gerizim by going by it to Jerusalem. This was an unusual precaution by Jesus... [ Continue Reading ]
AND THEY DID NOT RECEIVE HIM (κα ουκ εδεξαντο αυτον). Adversative use of κα = But.BECAUSE HIS FACE WAS GOING TO JERUSALEM (οτ το προσωπον αυτου ην πορευομενον εις Ιερουσαλημ). Periphrastic imperfect middle. It was reason enough to the churlish Samaritans.... [ Continue Reading ]
SAW THIS (ιδοντες). Second aorist active participle of οραω. Saw the messengers returning.WE BID (θελεις ειπωμεν). Deliberative subjunctive ειπωμεν after θελεις without ινα, probably two questions, Dost thou wish? Shall we bid? Perhaps the recent appearance of Elijah on the Mount of Transfigura... [ Continue Reading ]
BUT HE TURNED (στραφεις δε). Second aorist passive participle of στρεφω, common verb, to turn round. Dramatic act. Some ancient MSS. have here:YE KNOW NOT WHAT MANNER OF SPIRIT YE ARE OF (ουκ οιδατε ποιου πνευματος εστε). This sounds like Christ and may be a genuine saying though not a part of... [ Continue Reading ]
A CERTAIN MAN (τις). Matthew 8:19 calls him "a scribe." Luke 9:57-60; Matthew 8:19-22, but not in Mark and so from Q or the Logia.WHEREVER YOU GO (οπου εαν απερχη) is the present middle subjunctive with the indefinite relative adverb εαν, common Greek idiom. See on Matthew for "holes," "nests,... [ Continue Reading ]
AND HE SAID UNTO ANOTHER (ειπεν δε προς ετερον). Matthew 8:21 omits Christ's "Follow me" (ακολουθε μο) and makes this man a volunteer instead of responding to the appeal of Jesus. There is no real opposition, of course. In Matthew's account the man is apologetic as in Luke. Plummer calls him "one... [ Continue Reading ]
LEAVE THE DEAD TO BURY THEIR OWN DEAD (αφες τους νεκρους θαψα τους εαυτων νεκρους). This paradox occurs so in Matthew 8:22. The explanation is that the spiritually dead can bury the literally dead. For such a quick change in the use of the same words see John 5:21-29 (spiritual resurrection from s... [ Continue Reading ]
AND ANOTHER ALSO SAID (ειπεν δε κα ετερος). A volunteer like the first. This third case is given by Luke alone, though the incident may also come from the same Logia as the other two. Hετερος does not here mean one of a "different" sort as is sometimes true of this pronoun, but merely another lik... [ Continue Reading ]
HAVING PUT HIS HAND TO THE PLOUGH (επιβαλων την χειρα επ' αροτρον). Second aorist active participle of επιβαλλω, an old and common verb, to place upon. Note repetition of preposition επ before αροτρον (plough). This agricultural proverb is as old as Hesiod. Pliny observes that the ploughman who d... [ Continue Reading ]