Diligently

(πυγμη). Instrumental case,with the fist

, up to the elbow, rubbing one hand and arm with the other hand clenched. Aleph had πυκνα probably because of the difficulty about πυγμη (kin to Latin pugnus). Schultess considers it a dry wash or rubbing of the hands without water as a ritualistic concession. The middle voice νιψωντα means their own hands. This verb is often used for parts of the body while λουω is used of the whole body (John 13:10). On the tradition of the elders see on Matthew 15:2.

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Old Testament