DESIRE (ευδοκια). No papyri examples of this word, though ευδοκησις occurs, only in LXX and N.T., but no example for "desire" unless this is one, though the verb ευδοκεω is common in Polybius, Diodorus, Dion, Hal. It means will, pleasure, satisfaction (Matthew 11:26; 2 Thessalonians 1:11; Philipp... [ Continue Reading ]
A ZEAL FOR GOD (ζηλον θεου). Objective genitive like Philippians 3:9, "through faith in Christ" (δια πιστεως Χριστου).BUT NOT ACCORDING TO KNOWLEDGE (αλλ' ου κατ' επιγνωσιν). They had knowledge of God and so were superior to the Gentiles in privilege (Romans 2:9-11), but they sought God in an e... [ Continue Reading ]
BEING IGNORANT OF GOD'S RIGHTEOUSNESS (αγνοουντες την του θεου δικαιοσυνην). A blunt thing to say, but true as Paul has shown in Romans 2:1-3. They did not understand the God-kind of righteousness by faith (Romans 1:17). They misconceived it (Romans 2:4).THEY DID NOT SUBJECT THEMSELVES (ουχ υπε... [ Continue Reading ]
THE END OF THE LAW (τελος νομου). Christ put a stop to the law as a means of salvation (Romans 6:14; Romans 9:31; Ephesians 2:15; Colossians 2:14) as in Luke 16:16. Christ is the goal or aim of the law (Galatians 3:24). Christ is the fulfilment of the law (Matthew 5:17; Romans 13:10;... [ Continue Reading ]
THEREBY (εν αυτη). That is by or in "the righteousness that is from law." He stands or falls with it. The quotation is from Leviticus 18:5.... [ Continue Reading ]
SAITH THUS (ουτως λεγε). Paul personifies "the from faith righteousness" (η εκ πιστεως δικαιοσυνη). A free reproduction from Deuteronomy 30:11-14. Paul takes various phrases from the LXX and uses them for "his inspired conviction and experiences of the gospel" (Denney). He does not quote Moses as... [ Continue Reading ]
INTO THE ABYSS (εις την αβυσσον). See Luke 8:31 for this old Greek word (α privative and βυσσος) bottomless like sea (Psalms 106:26), our abyss. In Revelation 9:1 it is the place of torment. Paul seems to refer to Hades or Sheol (Acts 2:27; Acts 2:31), the other world to which Christ went after d... [ Continue Reading ]
BUT WHAT SAITH IT? (αλλα τ λεγει?). That is "the from faith righteousness."THE WORD OF FAITH (το ρημα της πιστεως). The gospel message concerning faith (objective genitive). Only here. In contrast to the law.WHICH WE PREACH (ο κηρυσσομεν). The living voice brings home to every one the faith k... [ Continue Reading ]
IF THOU SHALT CONFESS (εαν ομολογησηις). Third class condition (εαν and first aorist active subjunctive of ομολογεω).WITH THY MOUTH JESUS AS LORD (εν τω στοματ σου Κυριον Ιησουν). This is the reading of nearly all the MSS. But B 71 Clem of Alex. read το ρημα εν τω στοματ σου οτ Κυριος Ιησους (t... [ Continue Reading ]
MAN BELIEVETH (πιστευετα). Impersonal construction, "it is believed" (present passive indicative of πιστευω). The order is reversed in this verse and the true order (faith, then confession).CONFESSION IS MADE (ομολογειτα). Impersonal construction again, "it is confessed," "man confesses." Both... [ Continue Reading ]
EVERY ONE (πας). Paul adds this word to the quotation from Isaiah 28:16 already made in Romans 9:33.... [ Continue Reading ]
DISTINCTION (διαστολη). See on this word Romans 3:22. Here it is followed by the ablative case Ιουδαιου τε κα Hελληνος (between Jew and Greek).LORD OF ALL (Κυριος παντων). See Galatians 3:28.RICH (πλουτων). Present active participle of πλουτεω. See Ephesians 3:8 "the unsearchable riches of Ch... [ Continue Reading ]
Paul here quotes Joel 3:5 (Joel 2:32 LXX).... [ Continue Reading ]
HOW THEN SHALL THEY CALL? (πως ουν επικαλεσωνται?). Deliberative subjunctive (first aorist middle) of επικαλεομα (see verses Romans 10:12; Romans 10:13). The antecedent of εις ον (in whom) is not expressed.HOW SHALL THEY BELIEVE? (πος πιστευσωσιν?). Deliberative subjunctive again (first aorist... [ Continue Reading ]
HOW BEAUTIFUL (Hως ωραιο). A quotation from Isaiah 52:7 more like the Hebrew than the LXX, picturing the messengers of the restoration from the Jewish captivity. Paul assumes that the missionaries (αποστολο) have been sent as implied in verse Romans 10:14.... [ Continue Reading ]
BUT THEY DID NOT ALL HEARKEN (ου παντες υπηκουσαν). They heard, but did not heed. Some disbelieve now (Romans 3:3) as they did then. On obedience and disobedience see Romans 5:19; 1 Thessalonians 2:13; Galatians 3:2. He quotes Isaiah 53:1 to show how Isaiah felt.REPORT (ακοη). Literally, "heari... [ Continue Reading ]
BY THE WORD OF CHRIST (δια ρηματος Χριστου). "By the word about Christ" (objective genitive).... [ Continue Reading ]
DID THEY NOT HEAR? (μη ουκ ηκουσαν?). Rather, "Did they fail to hear?" (expecting the negative answer μη, while ουκ blends with the verb). See on 1 Corinthians 9:5 for this construction.YEA, VERILY (μενουνγε). Triple particle (μεν, ουν, γε) as in Romans 9:20.SOUND (φθογγος). Vibration of a mu... [ Continue Reading ]
DID ISRAEL NOT KNOW? (μη Ισραελ ουκ εγνω?). "Did Israel fail to know?" See above.FIRST (πρωτος). Moses first before any one else. LXX quotation Deuteronomy 32:21. See on 1 Corinthians 10:22 for παραζηλωσω (I will provoke you to jealousy).WITH THAT WHICH IS NO NATION (επ' ουκ εθνε). The Jews h... [ Continue Reading ]
IS VERY BOLD (αποτολμα). Present active indicative of αποτολμαω, old word, to assume boldness (απο, off) and only here in N.T. Isaiah "breaks out boldly" (Gifford). Paul cites Isaiah 65:1 in support of his own courage against the prejudice of the Jews. See Romans 9:30-33 for illustration of this... [ Continue Reading ]
ALL THE DAY LONG (ολην την ημεραν). Accusative of extent of time. He quotes Isaiah 65:2.DID I SPREAD OUT (εξεπετασα). First aorist active indicative of εκπεταννυμ, old verb, to stretch out, bold metaphor, only here in N.T.UNTO A DISOBEDIENT AND A GAINSAYING PEOPLE (προς λαον απειθουντα κα αντ... [ Continue Reading ]