BEING THEREFORE JUSTIFIED BY FAITH (δικαιωθεντες ουν εκ πιστεως). First aorist passive participle of δικαιοω, to set right and expressing antecedent action to the verb εχωμεν. The ουν refers to the preceding conclusive argument (Chapter s 1 to 4) that this is done by faith.LET US HAVE PEACE WITH... [ Continue Reading ]
WE HAVE HAD (εσχηκαμεν). Perfect active indicative of εχω (same verb as εχωμεν), still have it.OUR ACCESS (τεν προσαγωγην). Old word from προσαγω, to bring to, to introduce. Hence "introduction," "approach." Elsewhere in N.T. only Ephesians 2:18; Ephesians 3:12.WHEREIN WE STAND (εν η εστηκαμε... [ Continue Reading ]
BUT LET US ALSO REJOICE IN OUR TRIBULATIONS (αλλα κα καυχωμεθα εν ταις θλιψεσιν). Present middle subjunctive of same verb as in verse Romans 5:2. Καυχωμα is more than "rejoice," rather "glory," "exult." These three volitive subjunctives (εχωμεν, καυχωμεθα, twice) hold up the high ideal for the Ch... [ Continue Reading ]
KNOWING (ειδοτες). Second perfect participle of ειδον (οιδα), giving the reason for the previous exhortation to glory in tribulations. He gives a linked chain, one linking to the other (tribulation θλιψις, patience υπομονη, experience δοκιμη, hope ελπις) running into verse Romans 5:5. On δοκιμη,... [ Continue Reading ]
HATH BEEN SHED ABROAD (εκκεχυτα). Perfect passive indicative of εκχεω, to pour out. "Has been poured out" in our hearts.... [ Continue Reading ]
FOR (ετ γαρ). So most documents, but B reads ε γε which Westcott and Hort use in place of γαρ.WHILE WE WERE YET WEAK (οντων ημων ασθενων ετ). Genitive absolute. The second ετ (yet) here probably gave rise to the confusion of text over ετ γαρ above.IN DUE SEASON (κατα καιρον). Christ came into... [ Continue Reading ]
SCARCELY (μολις). Common adverb from μολος, toil. See on Acts 14:18. As between δικαιος, righteous, and αγαθος, good, Lightfoot notes "all the difference in the world" which he shows by quotations from Plato and Christian writers, a difference of sympathy mainly, the δικαιος man being "absolutely... [ Continue Reading ]
HIS OWN LOVE (την εαυτου αγαπην). See John 3:16 as the best comment here.WHILE WE WERE YET SINNERS (ετ αμαρτωλων οντων). Genitive absolute again. Not because we were Jews or Greeks, rich or poor, righteous or good, but plain sinners. Cf. Luke 18:13, the plea of the publican, " μο τω αμαρτωλω.... [ Continue Reading ]
MUCH MORE THEN (πολλω ουν μαλλον). Argument from the greater to the less. The great thing is the justification in Christ's blood. The final salvation (σωθησομεθα, future passive indicative) is less of a mystery.... [ Continue Reading ]
WE WERE RECONCILED TO GOD (κατηλλαγημεν τω θεω). Second aorist passive indicative of καταλλασσω for which great Pauline word see on 2 Corinthians 5:18. The condition is the first class. Paul does not conceive it as his or our task to reconcile God to us. God has attended to that himself (Romans 3... [ Continue Reading ]
BUT ALSO GLORYING IN GOD (αλλα κα καυχωμενο εν τω θεω). Basis of all the exultation above (verses Romans 5:1-5).THROUGH WHOM WE HAVE NOW RECEIVED THE RECONCILIATION (δ ου νυν την καταλλαγην ελαβομεν). Second aorist active indicative of λαμβανω, looked at as a past realization, "now" (νυν) in co... [ Continue Reading ]
THEREFORE (δια τουτο). "For this reason." What reason? Probably the argument made in verses Romans 5:1-11, assuming our justification and urging exultant joy in Christ because of the present reconciliation by Christ's death and the certainty of future final salvation by his life.AS THROUGH ONE MA... [ Continue Reading ]
UNTIL THE LAW (αχρ νομου). Until the Mosaic law. Sin was there before the Mosaic law, for the Jews were like Gentiles who had the law of reason and conscience (Romans 2:12-16), but the coming of the law increased their responsibility and their guilt (Romans 2:9).SIN IS NOT IMPUTED (αμαρτια δε ο... [ Continue Reading ]
EVEN OVER THEM THAT HAD NOT SINNED AFTER THE LIKENESS OF ADAM'S TRANSGRESSION (κα επ τους μη αμαρτησαντας επ τω ομοιωματ της παραβασεως Αδαμ). Adam violated an express command of God and Moses gave the law of God clearly. And yet sin and death followed all from Adam on till Moses, showing clearly... [ Continue Reading ]
BUT NOT AS THE TRESPASS (αλλ' ουχ ως). It is more contrast than parallel: "the trespass" (το παραπτωμα, the slip, fall to one side) over against the free gift (το χαρισμα, of grace χαρις).MUCH MORE (πολλω μαλλον). Another _a fortiori_ argument. Why so? As a God of love he delightsMUCH MORE in... [ Continue Reading ]
THROUGH ONE THAT SINNED (δι' ενος αμαρτησαντος). "Through one having sinned." That is Adam. Another contrast, difference in source (εκ).OF ONE (εξ ενος). Supply παραπτωματος, Adam's one transgression.OF MANY TRESPASSES (εκ πολλων παραπτωματων). The gift by Christ grew out of manifold sins by... [ Continue Reading ]
MUCH MORE (πολλω μαλλον). Argument _a fortiori_ again. Condition of first class assumed to be true. Note balanced words in the contrast (transgression παραπτωματ, grace χαριτος; death θανατος, life ζωη; the one orADAM του ενος, the oneJESUS CHRIST ; reign βασιλευω in both).... [ Continue Reading ]
SO THEN (αρα ουν). Conclusion of the argument. Cf. Romans 7:3; Romans 7:25; Romans 8:12, etc. Paul resumes the parallel between Adam and Christ begun in verse Romans 5:12 and interrupted by explanation (Romans 5:13) and contrast (Romans 5:15-17).THROUGH ONE TRESPASS (δι' ενος παραπτωματος). Tha... [ Continue Reading ]
Here again we have "the one" (του ενος) with both Adam and Christ, but "disobedience" (παρακοης, for which see 2 Corinthians 10:6) contrasted with "obedience" (υπακοης), the same verb καθιστημ, old verb, to set down, to render, to constitute (κατεσταθησαν, first aorist passive indicative, κατασταθησ... [ Continue Reading ]
CAME IN BESIDE (παρεισηλθεν). Second aorist active indicative of double compound παρεισερχομα, late verb, in N.T. only here and Galatians 2:4 which see. See also εισηλθεν in verse Romans 5:12. The Mosaic law came into this state of things, in between Adam and Christ.THAT THE TRESPASS MIGHT ABOUND... [ Continue Reading ]
THAT--EVEN SO GRACE MIGHT REIGN (ινα--ουτος κα η χαρις βασιλευση). Final ινα here, the purpose of God and the goal for us through Christ. Lightfoot notes the force of the aorist indicative (εβασιλευσεν, established its throne) and the aorist subjunctive (βασιλευση, might establish its throne), th... [ Continue Reading ]