An apostle. This title is prefixed to Romans, 1st and 2nd Corinthians, Ephesians, Colossians. Here with special emphasis, because Paul's apostleship had been challenged. Of men - by man [α π α ν θ ρ ω π ω ν - δ ι α ν θ ρ ω π ο υ]. Better, from men - through man or a man. In contradiction of the ass... [ Continue Reading ]
Brethren - with me. The circle of Paul's colleagues or more intimate friends. Comp. Philippians 4:21; Philippians 4:22, where the brethren with me are distinguished from all the saints - the church members generally. Unto the churches of Galatia. See Introduction. This is a circular letter to sever... [ Continue Reading ]
Grace to you, etc. See on 1 Thessalonians 1:1. He will not withhold the wish for the divine grace and peace even from those whom he is about to upbraid.... [ Continue Reading ]
Gave himself for our sins. Comp. Matthew 20:28; Ephesians 5:25; 1 Timothy 2:6; Titus 2:14. Purposely added with reference to the Galatians' falling back on the works of the law as the ground of acceptance with God. For or with reference to sins [π ε ρ ι] expresses the general relation of Christ's mi... [ Continue Reading ]
To whom be glory, etc. For similar doxologies see Romans 9:5; Romans 11:36; Romans 16:27; Ephesians 3:21; 1 Timothy 1:17. Forever and ever [ε ι ς τ ο υ ς α ι ω ν α ς τ ω ν α ι ω ν ω ν]. Lit. unto the ages of the ages. See additional note on 2 Thessalonians 1:9, and comp. Romans 16:27; Ph [ Continue Reading ]
I marvel [θ α υ μ α ζ ω]. Often by Greek orators of surprise as something reprehensible. So in New Testament Mark 6:6; John 7:21; Luke 11:38; John 4:27. So soon [ο υ τ ω ς τ α χ ε ω ς]. Better, so quickly. Paul does not mean so soon after a particular event, as their conversion, or his last visit,... [ Continue Reading ]
Another [α λ λ ο]. A different gospel is not another gospel. There is but one gospel. But [ε ι μ η]. Rev. only. As if he had said, "there is no other gospel, but there are some who trouble you with a different kind of teaching which they offer as a gospel." Some that trouble [ο ι τ α ρ α σ σ ο ν τ... [ Continue Reading ]
We. See on 1 Thessalonians 1:2. Angel from heaven [α γ γ ε λ ο ς ε ξ ο υ ρ α ν ο υ]. The phrase only here. "Angels in heaven or the heavens," Matthew 22:30; Mark 12:25; Mark 13:32. "Angels of the heavens," Matthew 24:36. Other than that [π α ρ ο]. Roman Catholic interpreters insist that par' shoul... [ Continue Reading ]
As we said before [ω ς π ρ ο ε ι ρ η κ α μ ε ν]. Comp. 2 Corinthians 13:2; Philippians 3:18. Not to be referred to the preceding verse, since the compound verb would be too strong, and now in the following clause points to an earlier time, a previous visit. Comp. Galatians 5:21; 2 Corinthians 8:2; 1... [ Continue Reading ]
For do I now persuade [α ρ τ ι γ α ρ - π ε ι θ ω]. For introduces a justification of the severe language just used. The emphasis is on now, which answers to now in verse 9. I have been charged with conciliating men. Does this anathema of mine look like it? Is it a time for conciliatory words now, wh... [ Continue Reading ]
I certify [γ ν ω ρ ι ζ ω]. Or, I make known. Certify, even in older English, is to assure or attest, which is too strong for gnwrizein to make known or declare. This, which in the New Testament is the universal meaning of gnwrizein, and the prevailing sense in LXX, is extremely rare in Class., where... [ Continue Reading ]
Of man [π α ρ α α ν θ ρ ω π ο υ]. Better, from man. Para from emphasises the idea of transmission, and marks the connection between giver and receiver. Comp. 1 Thessalonians 2:13; 1 Thessalonians 4:1; 2 Timothy 3:14; Acts 10:22. In the Gospels and Acts paralambanein usually means to take, in the sen... [ Continue Reading ]
Conversation [α ν α σ τ ρ ο φ η ν]. Better, manner of life. See on 1 Peter 1:15. In the Jews ' religion [ε ν τ ω ι ο υ δ α ι σ μ ω]. Only here and verse 14. Lit. in Judaism. It signifies his national religious condition. In LXX, 2 Macc. 2 21; 8 2; 14 38; 4 Macc. 4 26. Beyond measure [κ α θ υ π ε ρ... [ Continue Reading ]
Profited [π ρ ο ε κ ο π τ ο ν]. Better, advanced. See on is far spent, Romans 13:12. Paul means that he outstripped his Jewish contemporaries in distinctively Jewish culture, zeal, and activity. Comp. Philippians 3:4-6. Equals [σ υ ν η λ ι κ ι ω τ α ς]. N. T. o. The A. V. is indefinite. The meaning... [ Continue Reading ]
It pleased [ε υ δ ο κ η σ ε ν]. See on eujdokia good pleasure, 1 Thessalonians 1:11. Separated [α φ ο ρ ι σ α ς]. Set apart : designated. See on Romans 1:1, and declared, Romans 1:4. The A. V. wrongly lends itself to the sin ense of the physical separation of the child from the mother. From my moth... [ Continue Reading ]
To reveal his Son in me [α π ο κ α λ υ ψ α ι τ ο ν υ ι ο ν α υ τ ο υ ε ν ε μ ο ι]. In N. T. ajpokaluptein to reveal is habitually used with the simple dative of the subject of the revelation, as Luke 10:21. Once with eijv unto, Romans 8:18 : with ejn in of the sphere in which the revelation takes pl... [ Continue Reading ]
Went I up [α ν η λ θ ο ν]. Comp. verse 18. Only in this chapter, and John 6:3. More commonly ajnabainein, often of the journey to Jerusalem, probably in the conventional sense in which Englishmen speak of going up to London, no matter from what point. See Matthew 20:17; Mark 10:32; John 2:13; Acts 1... [ Continue Reading ]
To see [ι σ τ ο ρ η σ α ι]. N. T. o. 1. To inquire into : 2. to find out by inquiring : 3. to gain knowledge by visiting; to become personally acquainted with. In LXX, only 1 Ezra 1:33; Ezra 1:42, to relate, to record. Often in Class. The word here indicates that Paul went, not to obtain instruct... [ Continue Reading ]
Save James [ε ι μ η]. With the usual exceptive sense. I saw none save James. Not, I saw none other of the apostles, but I saw James. Jas. is counted as an apostle, though not reckoned among the twelve. For Paul's use of "apostle," see on 1 Thessalonians 1:1, and comp. 1 Corinthians 14:4-7. The Lord'... [ Continue Reading ]
I lie not. Comp. Romans 9:1; 2 Corinthians 11:31; 1 Timothy 2:7.... [ Continue Reading ]
Regions [κ λ ι μ α τ α]. P o. Comp. Romans 14:23; 2 Corinthians 11:10. Klima, originally an inclination or slope of ground : the supposed slope of the earth from the equator to the pole. The ancient geographers ran imaginary parallel lines from the equator toward the pole, and the spaces or zones or... [ Continue Reading ]
Was unknown [η μ η ν α γ ν ο ο υ μ ε ν ο ς]. Better, was still unknown, the imperfect denoting that he remained unknown during his stay in Syria and Cilicia. Of Judaea. The province, as distinguished from Jerusalem, where he must have been known as the persecutor of the church. See Acts 9:1; Acts 9... [ Continue Reading ]
They had heard [α κ ο υ ο ν τ ε ς η σ α ν]. Correlative with I was unknown, verse 22. Note the periphrasis of the participle with the substantive verb, expressing duration. They were hearing all the time that I was thus unknown to them in person. The faith. See on Acts 6:7, and comp. 2 Thessalonian... [ Continue Reading ]
In me. The sense is different from that in verse 16, see note. Here the meaning is that they glorified God as the author and source of what they saw in me.... [ Continue Reading ]