Brook [χ ε ι μ α ρ ρ ο υ]. From ceima, winter, and rJew, to flow. Properly, a winter torrent. Only here in the New Testament. Rev., in margin, ravine. In classical Greek it occurs in Demosthenes in the sense of a drain or conduit. It may be taken as equivalent to the Arabic wady, which means a strea... [ Continue Reading ]
Which betrayed [ο π α ρ α δ ι δ ο υ ς]. The present participle, marking the betrayal as in progress. Literally, who is betraying. Resorted [σ υ ν η χ θ η]. Literally, assembled. The items of this verse are peculiar to John.... [ Continue Reading ]
A band (thn speiran). Properly, the band. See on Mark 14:16; also on centurion, Luke 7:2; and Acts 21:31. The band, or cohort, was from the Roman garrison in the tower of Antonia. Officers [υ π η ρ ε τ α ς]. See on Matthew 5:25. Sent from the Sanhedrim. The temple police. The Synoptists speak of th... [ Continue Reading ]
That should come [τ α ε ρ χ ο μ ε ν α]. Literally, that are coming. The details in 4 - 9 are peculiar to John.... [ Continue Reading ]
Of Nazareth [τ ο ν ν α ζ ω ρ α ι ο ν]. Literally, the Nazarene. Stood [ε ι σ τ η κ ε ι]. Imperfect tense. Rev., correctly, was standing.... [ Continue Reading ]
These. The disciples. Go their way [υ π α γ ε ι ν]. Withdraw.... [ Continue Reading ]
Simon Peter. The names of Simon Peter and Malchus are mentioned only by John in connection with this incident. The incident itself is related by all the Evangelists. A sword. Contrary to the rule which forbade the carrying of weapons on a feast - day. The high priest's servant. See on Matthew 26:5... [ Continue Reading ]
Thy sword. Omit thy, and read, the sword. Sheath [θ η κ η ν]. Only here in the New Testament. From tiqhmi, to put. That into which the sword is put. The cup. Compare Matthew 26:39; Mark 14:36; Luke 22:42. Peculiar to John.... [ Continue Reading ]
The captain [χ ι λ ι α ρ χ ο ς]. See on Mark 6:21, and on centurion, Luke 7:2. Took [σ υ ν ε λ α β ο ν]. Rev., better, seized. It is the technical word for arresting. Literally, took with them, of which there is a suggestion in the modern policeman's phrase, go along with me. Compare Luke 22:54. 13... [ Continue Reading ]
Annas first. This supplies the detail of an examination preliminary to that before the high - priest, which is omitted by the Synoptists. Father - in - law [π ε ν θ ε ρ ο ς]. Only here in the New Testament. That same year. See on 11 49.... [ Continue Reading ]
Followed [η κ ο λ ο υ θ ε ι]. Imperfect, was following. The other disciple. The correct reading omits the article. Another. Probably John himself. Palace [α υ λ η ν]. Not palace, but court, as Rev. See on Matthew 26:3; Luke 11:21.... [ Continue Reading ]
Stood. Properly, was standing. Door. The door opening from the street into the court. Her that kept the door [τ η θ υ ρ ω ρ ω]. See on 10 3.... [ Continue Reading ]
The damsel [η π α ι δ ι σ κ η]. See on Acts 12:13. Art thou [μ η σ υ]. The question is put in a negative form, as if expecting a negative answer : thou art not, art thou? Also. Showing that she recognized John as a disciple.... [ Continue Reading ]
Stood. It is discouraging to see how the A. V. habitually ignores the imperfect tense, and thus detracts from the liveliness of the narrative. Render, as Rev., were standing. Fire of coals [α ν θ ρ α κ ι α ν]. Only here and John 21:9. Matthew does not mention the fire. Mark has to fwv, strictly, th... [ Continue Reading ]
Asked [η ρ ω τ η σ ε ν]. Or, questioned. Doctrine [δ ι δ α χ η ς]. Rev., better, teaching.... [ Continue Reading ]
In the synagogue [ε ν τ η σ υ ν α γ ω γ η]. The best texts omit the article. Render, in synagogue : when the people were assembled. Like our phrase, in church. Always resort [π α ν τ ο τ ε σ υ ν ε ρ χ ο ν τ α ι]. For pantote always, read pantev all. Sunercontai is rather come together, assemble. Re... [ Continue Reading ]
Struck - with the palm of his hand [ε δ ω κ ε ρ α π ι σ μ α]. Literally, gave a blow. Interpreters differ as to whether it was a blow with a rod, or with the hand. The kindred verb rJapizw, from rJapiv, a rod, is etymologically related to rJabdizw, from rJabdov, a rod, and occurs Matthew 5:39, of sm... [ Continue Reading ]
Annas had sent [α π ε σ τ ε ι λ ε ν ο α ν ν α ς]. The best texts insert oun, therefore. The rendering of the aorist by the pluperfect here is inadmissible, and is a device to bring this examination of Jesus into harmony with that described in Matthew 26:56-68, and to escape the apparent inconsistenc... [ Continue Reading ]
The cock crew. The Greek has not the definite article. See on Matthew 26:34. The use of the article would seem to mark the time, cock - crowing, rather than the incident. 28 - 38. Compare Matthew 27:1; Matthew 27:2; 11 - 14; Mark 14:1-6; Luke 23:1-5.... [ Continue Reading ]
Led [α γ ο υ σ ι ν]. Present tense, lead. Hall of judgment [π ρ α ι τ ω ρ ι ο ν]. A Latin word, proetorium, transcribed. Originally, the general's tent. In the Roman provinces it was the name for the official residence of the Roman governor, as here. Compare Acts 23:35. It came to be applied to any... [ Continue Reading ]
Pilate. Note the abruptness with which he is introduced as one well known. Two derivations of the name are given. Pilatus, one armed with the pilum or javelin, like Torquatus, one adorned with a collar [τ ο ρ θ υ ε σ]. Or, a contraction from Pileatus, wearing the pileus or cap, which was the badge o... [ Continue Reading ]
Malefactor [κ α κ ο π ο ι ο ς]. Rev., evil - doer. From kakon, evil, and poiew, to do. Luke uses a different word, kakourgov, from kakon, evil, and ergw, to work. See on 1 Peter 2:12.... [ Continue Reading ]
Take ye him [λ α β ε τ ε α υ τ ο ν υ μ ε ι ς]. The A. V. obscures the emphatic force of uJmeiv, you. Pilate's words display great practical shrewdness in forcing the Jews to commit themselves to the admission that they desired Christ's death. "Take him yourselves (so Rev.), and judge him according t... [ Continue Reading ]
By what death [π ο ι ω θ α ν α τ ω]. More correctly, by what manner of death. So Rev. Compare John 12:32; Matthew 20:19. Crucifixion was not a Jewish punishment.... [ Continue Reading ]
Art thou [σ υ ε ι]. Thou is emphatic. Thou, the despised malefactor. King of the Jews. The civil title. The theocratic title, king of Israel (i. 49; John 12:13) is addressed to Jesus on the cross (Matthew 27:42; Mark 14:32) in mockery.... [ Continue Reading ]
Am I a Jew ? As if Jesus ' question implied that Pilate had been taking counsel with the Jews.... [ Continue Reading ]
Servants [υ π η ρ ε τ α ι]. Only in this passage in the Gospels, of Christians. Compare Acts 13:5; 1 Corinthians 4:1. Corresponding with Christ as a king. Fight [η γ ω ν ι ζ ο ν τ ο]. The imperfect tense, denoting action in progress : would now be striving.... [ Continue Reading ]
Art thou then [ο υ κ ο υ ν ε ι σ υ]. The interrogative particle oujkoun, not therefore, occurs only here in the New Testament. It is ironical. In ver. 33 the emphasis is on thou : here upon king. So then, after all, thou art a king. Was I born - came I [γ ε γ ε ν ν η μ α ι - ε λ η λ υ θ α]. Both per... [ Continue Reading ]
Truth. Not with the article as in the previous verse, the truth. Jesus meant the absolute truth : Pilate, truth in any particular case. "Pilate's exclamation is neither the expression of an ardent thirst for truth, nor that of the despair of a soul which has long sought it in vain; it is the profess... [ Continue Reading ]
Ye have a custom. The word sunhqeia, custom, originally means intimacy, habitual intercourse, and thence naturally passes into the meaning of habit or custom. Only John puts the statement of this custom into the mouth of Pilate. Matthew and Mark relate it as a fact. At the Passover [ε ν τ ω π α σ χ... [ Continue Reading ]
Cried [ε κ ρ α υ γ α σ α ν]. Peculiarly of a loud, importunate cry; a shout. Plato uses it of the howling of a dog : "The yelping hound, howling [κ ρ α υ γ α ζ ο υ σ α] at her Lord" (" Republic, " 607). Others, of the cries of spectators in the theaters and of the croak of a raven. See on Matthew 14... [ Continue Reading ]