Scourged [ε μ α σ τ ι γ ω σ ε ν]. Matthew and Mark use the Greek form of the Latin word flagellare, fragellow, which occurs only in those two instances in the New Testament. John uses the more common Greek word, though he has fragellion (flagellum), scourge, at John 2:15. Matthew and Mark, however,... [ Continue Reading ]
Crown [σ τ ε φ α ν ο ν]. So Matthew and Mark. Luke does not mention the crown of thorns. See on 1 Peter 5:4. Of thorns [ε ξ α κ α ν θ ω ν]. So Matthew. Mark has ajkanqinon, the adjective, made of thorns, which John also uses in John 19:5. All attempts to define the botanical character of the thorns... [ Continue Reading ]
And said. Add kai hrconto prov aujton, and kept coming unto Him, before and said or kept saying. The imperfect denotes the successive acts of homage of the soldiers as they came up one after the other. They smote Him with their hands [ε δ ι δ ο υ ν α υ τ ω ρ α π ι σ μ α τ α]. Literally, kept giving... [ Continue Reading ]
Came Jesus forth. From the Praetorium. Wearing [φ ο ρ ω ν]. Not ferwn, bearing, but the frequentative form of that verb, denoting an habitual or continuous bearing; hence, wearing, as though it were His natural dress.... [ Continue Reading ]
They cried out. See on 18 40. Crucify. The best texts omit Him. Take ye Him [λ α β ε τ ε α υ τ ο ν υ μ ε ι ς]. According to the Greek order, "take Him ye." Rev., take Him yourselves. See on 18 31.... [ Continue Reading ]
We have a law. We, emphatic. Whatever your decision may be, we have a law, etc. By our law. The best texts omit our : Read by that law, as Rev.... [ Continue Reading ]
The more afraid. "These words of the Jews produced an effect on Pilate for which they were not prepared. The saying gives strength to a dreadful presentiment which was gradually forming within him. All that he had heard related of the miracles of Jesus, the mysterious character of His person, of His... [ Continue Reading ]
He that delivered. Caiaphas.... [ Continue Reading ]
From thenceforth [ε κ τ ο υ τ ο υ]. Incorrect. Rev., rightly, upon this. Sought [ε ζ η τ ε ι]. Imperfect tense. Made repeated attempts. Caesar's friend. A title conferred, since the time of Augustus, upon provincial governors. Probably, however, not used by the Jews in this technical sense, but mer... [ Continue Reading ]
That saying [τ ο υ τ ο ν τ ο ν λ ο γ ο ν]. The best texts read twn logwn toutwn, these words. He was afraid of an accusation at Rome before Tiberius, an accusation which could be justified by his misrule. Judgment - seat [β η μ α τ ο ς]. See on Acts 7:5. The best texts omit the article, which may i... [ Continue Reading ]
Sixth hour. See on 1 39.... [ Continue Reading ]
They [ο ι]. The best texts read ejkeinoi, those (people). The pronoun of remote reference isolates and sharply distinguishes them from Jesus. See on 13 27. Away with him [α ρ ο ν]. Literally, take away. We have no king but Caesar. These words, uttered by the chief priests, are very significant. Th... [ Continue Reading ]
Delivered. Luke says, delivered to their will (xxiii. 25). Pilate pronounced no sentence, but disclaimed all responsibility for the act, and delivered Christ up to them [α υ τ ο ι ς], they having invoked the responsibility upon themselves. See Matthew 27:24; Matthew 27:25. And led Him away. The bes... [ Continue Reading ]
Bearing [β α σ τ α ζ ω ν]. See on 12 6; John 10:31. His cross [τ ο ν σ τ α υ ρ ο ν α υ τ ο υ]. The best texts read auJtw or eJautw, "bearing the cross for Himself." John does not mention the impressment of Simon of Cyrene for this service. Compare Matthew 27:32; Mark 14:21; Luke 23:26. Skull. See... [ Continue Reading ]
In the midst. All the Synoptists describe the character of the two who were crucified with Jesus. Matthew and Mark, robbers; Luke, malefactors [κ α κ ο υ ρ γ ο υ ς]. All three use the phrase, one on the right, the other on the left, and so, substantially, John : on either side one. John says nothing... [ Continue Reading ]
Title [τ ι τ λ ο ν]. Only here and ver. 20, in the New Testament. John uses the technical Roman term titulus, a placard or notice. Used for a bill or notice of sale affixed to a house. Thus Ovid, of a heartless creditor : "She sent our household goods under the placard [σ υ β - τ ι τ υ λ υ μ] ;" i e... [ Continue Reading ]
Hebrew, Greek, Latin. Some editors vary the order. Rev., Latin, Greek. Such inscriptions in different languages were not uncommon. Julius Capitolinus, a biographer (A. D. 320), in his life of the third Gordian, says that the soldiers erected his tomb on the Persian borders, and added an epitaph (tit... [ Continue Reading ]
Four parts. All the Synoptists relate the parting of the garments. The four pieces to be divided would be, the head - gear, the sandals, the girdle, and the tallith or square outer garment with fringes. Delitzsch thus describes the dress of our Lord : "On His head He wore a white sudar, fastened und... [ Continue Reading ]
Vesture [ι μ α τ ι σ μ ο ν]. Clothing, collectively. Rev., garments, for iJmatia, is better than raiment, which is collective, while the word is used of the separate pieces of clothing.... [ Continue Reading ]
There stood. Imperfect tense, were standing. Mary Magdalene. Strictly, the [η] Magdalene. She is introduced abruptly, as well known.... [ Continue Reading ]
Woman. See on 2 4. Behold. Canon Westcott remarks upon the four exclamations in this chapter - Behold the man! Behold your King! Behold thy son! Behold thy mother! as a remarkable picture of what Christ is, and what He reveals men to be.... [ Continue Reading ]
His own home [τ α ι δ ι α]. See on 1 11. 28 - 30. Compare Matthew 27:45-50; Mark 14:33-37; Luke 23:44-46.... [ Continue Reading ]
Were accomplished [τ ε τ ε λ ε σ τ α ι]. Rev., with stricter rendering of the perfect tense, are finished. Finished corresponds better with it is finished, ver. 30. This sentence may be taken with the preceding one, or with that which follows.... [ Continue Reading ]
Vinegar. See on Matthew 27:48. Hyssop. Matthew and Mark have kalamw, a reed. Luke says merely that they offered Him vinegar. The vinegar mingled with gall (Matthew 27:34), or the wine mingled with myrrh (Mark 14:23) was offered to Jesus before his crucifixion as a stupefying draught. The hyssop giv... [ Continue Reading ]
Gave up the ghost [π α ρ ε δ ω κ ε τ ο π ν ε υ μ α]. Rev., his spirit. Matthew, ajfhken dismissed. Mark, ejxepneusen, breathed forth (his life). So Luke, who adds, "Father, into thy hands I commend (paratiqemai, see on Luke 9:16) my spirit." 31 - 42. Compare Matthew 27:57-61; Mark 14:42-47; Luke 23... [ Continue Reading ]
The Jews - Sabbath. The Jews, who had so recently asserted their sole allegiance to Caesar, are now scrupulous about observing the letter of the law.... [ Continue Reading ]
Brake the legs. A detail recorded only by John. This crurifragium, leg - breaking, consisted in striking the legs with a heavy mallet in order to expedite death. It was sometimes inflicted as a punishment upon slaves. Some horrible illustrations are furnished by Suetonius, in his lives of Augustus a... [ Continue Reading ]
With a spear [λ ο γ χ η]. Only here in the New Testament. Properly, the head of a spear. So Herodotus, of the Arabians : "They also had spears [α ι χ μ α ς] tipped with an antelope's horn sharpened like a spear - point [λ ο γ χ η ς] " (vii. 96). Used also, as here, for the spear itself. Pierced [ε ν... [ Continue Reading ]
He that saw it bare record [ο ε ω ρ α κ ω ς μ ε μ α ρ τ υ ρ η κ ε ν]. Rev., rendering the perfect tense in both verbs, he that hath seen hath born witness. This can refer only to the writer of this Gospel. Compare 1 John 1:1. True [α λ η θ ι ν η]. Genuine, according to the true ideal of what testim... [ Continue Reading ]
A disciple of Jesus. Matt. calls him a rich man; Mark, an honorable counselor, i e., a member of the Sanhedrim; and Luke, a counselor, good and just. Besought [η ρ ω τ η σ ε]. Better, as Rev., asked. See on 11 22; John 16:23. Mark adds that he went in boldly, which is suggestive in view of John's s... [ Continue Reading ]
Came Nicodemus - came by night. The contrast is marked between his first and his second coming. Mixture [μ ι γ μ α]. Only here in the New Testament. Some authorities read eligma, a roll. Pounds. Roman pounds, of nearly twelve ounces. The large quantity may be explained by the intention of covering... [ Continue Reading ]
Linen cloths [ο θ ο ν ι ο ι ς]. Used only by John, if Luke 24:12 is rejected, as by some editors. The Synoptists all have sindwn, linen cloth. See on Mark 14:51. Matthew and Luke have ejntulixen, rolled or wrapped, and Mark ejneilhsen, wound, instead of John's edhsan bound. With the spices. Spread o... [ Continue Reading ]
A garden. Mentioned by John only. New [κ α ι ν ο ν]. See on Matthew 26:29. John omits the detail of the tomb being hewn in the rock, which is common to all the Synoptists. :John 20 CHAPTER XX 1, 2. Compare Matthew 28:1; Mark 16:2-4; Luke 24:1-3. 1 First day of the week [τ η μ ι α τ ω ν σ α β β α... [ Continue Reading ]