These are, &c. This is the angel's interpretation, and needs no further explanation. It is for our faith; not for our reason,

the four spirits: or, the four angels. Compare Revelation 7:1; Revelation 9:14; Revelation 9:15. They thus have to do with the time of the end. Their ministry is earthward, and has to do with judgment.

spirits. Hebrew. ruach. App-9. The world rulers Referred to in Daniel 10:13; Daniel 10:20; Daniel 10:21, &c.

from standing, &c. Some codices, with Septuagint and Vulgate, read "[each] to take their stand before", &c.,

the Lord of all the earth. See note on Zechariah 4:14.

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