The malignant powers, by which the wiles or stratagems of the devil are carried out, are specified. The passage is tinged by Jewish ideas about the unseen world. The rulers of the darkness of this world] This fairly represents the Gk., which means powers of darkness, that are rulers of this world, but not rulers of the universe: cp. Ephesians 1:21; Ephesians 3:10; Colossians 1:16; Colossians 2:15. In the heavenly places (RV)] 'In the spiritual world': but the Jews contemplated the possibility of evil in some of their seven heavens.

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