Genesis 14:4

They] i.e. the Canaanite chieftains. They refused to pay tribute.

5f. The Campaign of Chedorlaomer. Passing Hamath in Syria, and Damascus, the invaders first attacked the Rephaim, a race of great stature, who lived in the Bashan district, E. of Jordan. Their chief city was Ashteroth Karnaim, meaning, perhaps, 'Ashtaroth of the two horns.' 'Ashtoreth, the goddess of the Zidonians, and associated commonly with Baal in worship (1 Kings 11:5; 2 Kings 23:13), was the female or productive principle in nature. She is identified with Ishtar (Assyria) and Astarte (Greece and Rome). Sometimes she is regarded as the Moon-goddess (Baal=Sun, cp. Genesis 14:5), sometimes as Yenus, the goddess of love. Her image of wood, cp. Deuteronomy 16:21; 2 Kings 23:15, was called an Asherah (AY “grove”)' ('Camb. Compn. Bible'). Zuzims] or Zamzummims, in the country between the rivers Arnon and Jabbok: cp. Deuteronomy 2:20. Ham] Perhaps Rabbath Ammon to S. of Bashan, or Hameitat, 6 m. S. of the Dead Sea. The Peshitto and the Yulgate render 'among them' for in Ham. Emims] They held what became the land of Moab: cp. Deuteronomy 2:10. Shaveh Kiriathaim] i.e. 'the plain of Karyathaim.' It is mentioned on the Moabite Stone, but the site is disputed: cp. Numbers 32:37.