Proceeding S. the invaders smote the Horites, cave-dwellers in the mountainous district of Seir, afterwards held by the Edomites, descendants of Esau. This district extends from the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Akaba. The wonderful rock city Petra may have been hollowed out by them. Thence they proceeded to Elath, near the wilderness of Paran, the scene of the forty years' wandering, known as Et-Tih: see on Numbers 21:21. Turning to the north-west further victories were gained over the Amalekites at Kadesh Barnea, called also En-Mishpat ('well of judgment'), and over the Amorites at Hazezon-tamar, or Engedi, on the W. side of the Dead Sea.

8-10. The vale of Siddim was now reached, and was the scene of a fierce battle with the five Canaanite kings.

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