Let.. offend] Hosea appeals to Judah not to imitate Israel's sins. Gilgal (that of Benjamin: cp. 1 Samuel 13:8) and Bethel ('house of God,' here contemptuously called Bethaven, 'house of vanity,' i.e. idolatry) were two of the most important Israelitish sanctuaries: see Amos 4:4; Amos 4:5. The latter had been a sanctuary since the days of Jacob (Genesis 28:22; Genesis 35:1; Judges 21:2). Nor swear.. liveth] Hosea is here condemning the use of Jehovah's name in oaths, because that name has been so profaned by its association with idolatrous symbols.

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