Ezra 4 - Introduction
IV. (1-24) The opposition of the Samaritans and its temporary success.... [ Continue Reading ]
IV. (1-24) The opposition of the Samaritans and its temporary success.... [ Continue Reading ]
THE ADVERSARIES. — The Samaritans, so termed by Nehemiah (Ezra 4:11). These were a mixed race, the original Israelite element of which was nearly lost in the tribes imported into the northern part of the land by Sargon, Sennacherib, and Esar-haddon. (See 2 Kings 17:24.)... [ Continue Reading ]
AS YE DO. — “They feared the Lord, and worshipped their own gods” (2 Kings 17:33): thus they came either in the spirit of hypocrites or with an intention to unite their own idolatries with the pure worship of Jehovah. In any case, they are counted enemies of the God of Israel. WE DO SACRIFICE UNTO... [ Continue Reading ]
YE HAVE NOTHING TO DO WITH US. — The account in 2 Kings 17 carefully studied will show that the stern refusal of the leaders was precisely ill harmony with the will of God; there was nothing in it of that intolerant spirit which is sometimes imagined. The whole design of the Great Restoration would... [ Continue Reading ]
AND HIRED COUNSELLORS AGAINST THEM. — They adopted a systematic course of employing paid agents at the court: continued for eight years, till B.C. 529. Cambyses, his son, succeeded Cyrus; he died B.C. 522; then followed the pseudo-Smerdis, a usurper, whose short reign Darius did not reckon, but date... [ Continue Reading ]
IN THE BEGINNING OF HIS REIGN. — This Ahasuerus, another name for Cambyses, reigned seven years; and his accession to the throne was the time seized by the Samaritans for their “accusation,” of which we hear nothing more; suffice that the building languished.... [ Continue Reading ]
IN THE DAYS OF ARTAXERXES. — This must be Gomates, the Magian priest who personated Smerdis, the dead son of Cyrus, and reigned only seven months: note that the expression used is “days,” and not “reign” as in the previous verse. This Artaxerxes has been thought by many commentators to be the Longim... [ Continue Reading ]
REHUM THE CHANCELLOR. — _The lord of judgment,_ the counsellor of the Persian king, a conventional title of the civil governor. SHIMSHAI THE SCRIBE — The royal secretary.... [ Continue Reading ]
THEN WROTE ... — This verse and the following give the general superscription of the letter which the Persian officials wrote for the Samaritans: introduced, however, in a very peculiar manner, and to be followed by another introduction in Ezra 4:11. Of the names by which the Samaritans think fit to... [ Continue Reading ]
ASNAPPER cannot be Esar-haddon, but was probably his chief officer. AND AT SUCH A TIME. — _And so forth. _... [ Continue Reading ]
ON THIS SIDE THE RIVER. — Literally, _beyond the river_ Euphrates, as written for the Persian court. AND AT SUCH A TIME. — Rather, _and so forth;_ meaning, “Thy servants, as aforesaid,” alluding to the superscription.... [ Continue Reading ]
Virulence and craft and exaggeration are stamped on every sentence of the letter. It only says, however, that “they are preparing the walls thereof, and joining the foundations.” Afterwards, however, the charge is modified in Ezra 4:13; Ezra 4:16.... [ Continue Reading ]
TOLL, TRIBUTE, AND CUSTOM. — Toll for the highways; custom, a provision in kind; tribute, the money tax. THE REVENUE. — Rather, _at length;_ literally _and at length damage will be done to the kings. _... [ Continue Reading ]
MAINTENANCE. — more exactly, _we eat the salt of the palace._ This seems to be a general expression for dependence on the king, whose dishonour or loss they profess themselves unwilling to behold.... [ Continue Reading ]
THE BOOK OF THE RECORDS OF THY FATHERS. — “The book of the records of the Chronicles” which in Esther 6:1 is “read before the king.” This extended beyond his own fathers back to the times of the predecessors of the Median dynasty. OF OLD TIME. — From the days of eternity, or time immemorial. The sp... [ Continue Reading ]
NO PORTION ON THIS SIDE THE RIVER. — The same unscrupulous use of language: that is, if the river Euphrates is meant. In the days of Solomon, and once or twice subsequently, the Israelites had advanced towards the river, but it was not likely that they would ever do so again. The letter may, however... [ Continue Reading ]
PEACE, AND AT SUCH A TIME. — _Salutation, and so forth._ The account of the reply and the beginning of it are strangely blended, as before.... [ Continue Reading ]
INSURRECTION. — Never against Persia; but such as are alluded to in 2 Kings 24... [ Continue Reading ]
MIGHTY KINGS. — David and Solomon, and some few kings down to Josiah, had extended their sway and made nations tributary (2 Samuel 8; 1 Kings 10; 1 Kings 10). The earlier kings’ names would perhaps be referred to historically, though not immediately connected with Persian annals.... [ Continue Reading ]
THE SECOND YEAR. — The record here returns to Ezra 4:5, with more specific indication of time. The suspension of the general enterprise — called “the work of the house of God which is at Jerusalem” — lasted nearly two years. But it must be remembered that the altar was still the centre of a certain... [ Continue Reading ]