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Adam Clarke Bible Commentary

Exodus 1:13

Verse Exodus 1:13. To serve with rigour] בפרך bepharech, with cruelty, great oppression; being ferocious with them. The word fierce is supposed by some to be derived from the Hebrew, as well as the Latin ferox, from which we more immediately bring our English term. This kind of cruelty to slaves, and ferociousness, unfeelingness, and hard-heartedness, were particularly forbidden to the children of Israel. See Leviticus 25:43, Leviticus 25:46, where the same word is used: Thou shalt not rule over him with RIGOUR, but shalt fear thy God.

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See also Exodus 1:13 in other biblical comments:

  • Annotated Bible by A.C. Gaebelein

    ANALYSIS AND ANNOTATIONS I. ISRAEL'S DELIVERANCE OUT OF THE HANDS OF THE EGYPTIANS 1. The House of Bondage CHAPTER 1 _ 1. The names of the children of Israel; their increase (Exodus 1:1)_ 2. The...

  • Arthur Peake's Commentary on the Bible

    EXODUS 1:8 J, EXODUS 1:13 P, EXODUS 1:14 A ( TO FIELD) J, EXODUS 1:14 B P. REPRESSION OF ISRAEL. Forced labour was the first device fo

  • B. W. Johnson's Bible Commentary

    MADE THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL TO SERVE. So far were the pretended fears of the Egyptians from working within them the least sentiment of clemency, that they were evidently goaded on by the frustration o...

  • Coke's Commentary on the Holy Bible

    AND THE EGYPTIANS— The more sensibly _God's_ blessing was discerned towards the Israelites, the more furiously was the rage of their persecutors kindled against them. Moses represents them suffering,...

  • College Press Bible Study Textbook Series

    THE TEXT OF EXODUS TRANSLATION 1 Now these are the names of the sons of Is-ra-el, who came into E-gypt (every man and his household came with Jacob): (2) Reu-ben, Sim-e-on, Le-vi, and Ju-dah, (3) Is-s...

  • Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible

    _BUT THE MORE THEY AFFLICTED THEM, THE MORE THEY MULTIPLIED AND GREW. AND THEY WERE GRIEVED BECAUSE OF THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL._ No JFB commentary on these verses....

  • Dummelow's Commentary on the Bible

    OPPRESSION OF THE ISRAELITES 5. Seventy souls] Jacob himself is included in the number: cp. Genesis 46:8. Of the seventy, sixty-eight were males. If to the direct descendants of Jacob we add the wives...

  • EasyEnglish Bible Commentaries

    EXODUS: ISRAEL BECOMES A NATION THE *ISRAELITES LEAVE EGYPT EXODUS CHAPTER S 1 TO 18 _HILDA BRIGHT AND KITTY PRIDE_ ABOUT THE BOOK OF EXODUS Exodus is one of the first 5 books of the *Old Testa...

  • Ellicott's Commentary On The Whole Bible

    WITH RIGOUR. — Forced labour in Egypt was of a very severe character. Those condemned to it worked from morning to night under the rod of a task-master, which was freely applied to their legs or backs...

  • ETCBC data on Hebrew bible

    וַ יַּעֲבִ֧דוּ מִצְרַ֛יִם אֶת ־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל...

  • Expositor's Bible Commentary (Nicoll)

    THE OPPRESSION. Exodus 1:7. At the beginning of the history of Israel we find a prosperous race. It was indeed their growing importance, and chiefly their vast numerical increase, which excited the j...

  • Frederick Brotherton Meyer's Commentary

    THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL AFFLICTED Exodus 1:1 The buried seed began to bear an abundant harvest, notwithstanding the efforts of Pharaoh and his people. The kings of the earth take counsel together to...

  • G. Campbell Morgan's Exposition on the Whole Bible

    The first word of Exodus, "Now," might with equal accuracy be rendered "And." Either word serves to suggest continuity. The story of Genesis is taken up in Exodus. It begins by recording the prolific...

  • Hawker's Poor man's commentary

    Proverbs 27:4...

  • Introductory Lectures - Commentary by William Kelly

    There is hardly a book of the Old Testament that stands out in more decided contrast with the book of Genesis than the one which follows it most closely. And this is the more striking, because God emp...

  • John Calvin's Bible Commentary

    13._And the Egyptians made. _Thus Moses informs us that, so far from being induced to kindness by their fears, they were rather hardened, and spurred on to greater cruelty; for the wicked do not perce...

  • John Darby's Synopsis

    THE FOLLOWING COMMENTARY COVERS CHAPTER S 1 AND 2. First, we have the historical circumstances which relate to the captivity of Israel-the persecutions which this people had to endure, and the provide...

  • John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible

    AND THE EGYPTIANS MADE THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL TO SERVE WITH RIGOUR. Or with breach c, with what might tend to break their strength; they laid heavier burdens upon them, obliged them to harder service,...

  • John Trapp Complete Commentary

    And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigour: Ver. 13. _To serve with rigour._] Heb. (בפרך), With fierceness: _a_ so thinking to cow out their spirits, and to exanimate them. So...

  • Joseph Benson’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

    _With rigour_ בפרךְ _bepareck, with cruelty_, or _tyranny;_ with hard words and cruel usage, without mercy or mitigation. This God permitted for wise and just reasons: 1st, As a punishment of the idol...

  • KJV Original Language Details

    1 The children of Israel after Iosephs death do multiply. 8 The more they are oppressed by a new King, the more they multiply. 15 The godlines of the Midwiues, in sauing the men children aliue. 22...

  • Kretzmann's Popular Commentary of the Bible

    And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigor;...

  • Kretzmann's Popular Commentary of the Bible

    PHARAOH PLANS TO CURB THE GROWTH...

  • Lange's Commentary on the Holy Scriptures

    EXODUS THE SECOND BOOK OF MOSES (וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת; _Ἐξοδος: Exodus_) THE PROPHETICO-MESSIANIC THEOCRACY—OR THE GENESIS, REDEMPTION AND SANCTIFICATION OF THE COVENANT PEOPLE FIRST DIVISION: MOSES AN...

  • Leslie M. Grant's Commentary on the Bible

    ISRAEL MULTIPLIED (vs.1-7) The first five verses of Exodus indicate its continuity with the book of Genesis, for they confirm what is written in more detail in Genesis 46:8. This small number of 70 p...

  • Matthew Henry Commentary on the Whole Bible

    8-14 The land of Egypt became to Israel a house of bondage. The place where we have been happy, may soon become the place of our affliction; and that may prove the greatest cross to us, of which we s...

  • Matthew Poole's Concise Commentary On The Bible

    Or, _cruelty_, or, _tyranny_; with hard words and cruel usage, without mercy or mitigation. This God permitted for wise and just reasons. 1. As a punishment of their idolatry, into which divers of th...

  • Notes on the Pentateuch by Charles Henry Mackintosh

    We now approach, by the mercy of God, the study of the Book of Exodus, of which the great prominent theme is redemption. The first five verses recall to the mind the closing scenes of the preceding bo...

  • Patchworkid's Personal Study Bible Notes

    Exodus 1:13 Egyptians H4714 children H1121 Israel H3478 serve H5647 (H8686) rigor H6531...

  • Peter Pett's Commentary on the Bible

    THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL ARE PUT TO HARD SERVICE (EXODUS 1:13). a The Egyptians make the children of Israel serve with rigour (Exodus 1:13). b They make their lives bitter with hard service (Exodus 1...

  • Summarized Bible Commentary

    CONTENTS: Israel in Egypt and their bondage. CHARACTERS: Joseph, Pharaoh, Shiprah, Puah. CONCLUSION: God's providences may at times seem to thwart His promises that His peoples' faith may be tried a...

  • Sutcliffe's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

    Exodus 1:1. _The children of Israel._ Some think we should read here, the sons of Israel. Paul, Galatians 4:3; Galatians 4:5, makes a distinction between children and sons, in the words νηπιοι and υιο...

  • The Biblical Illustrator

    _The children of Israel were fruitful _ THE INCREASE OF THE CHURCH I. Notwithstanding the removal of its chief officer (Exodus 1:6). Joseph dead; his influence gone; his counsel inaccessible. To-day...

  • The ESV Global Study Bible's Study Notes

    EXODUS—NOTE ON EXODUS 1:1 Exodus 1:1 of Israel from Egypt. The first half of Exodus 1:1 focuses on the

  • The Preacher's Complete Homiletical Commentary

    _MAIN HOMILETICS OF THE PARAGRAPH.— Exodus 1:13_ THE DESPOTISM OF SIN I. THAT IT COMMENCES BY SUGGESTING A SMALL TRIBUTE TO THE SINNER. The Egyptian King, no doubt, suggested to the Israelites that g...

  • The Pulpit Commentaries

    EXPOSITION EXODUS 1:7-2 Here the real narrative of Exodus begins. The history of the Israelites from and after the death of Joseph is entered on. The first point touched is THEIR RAPID MULTIPLICATION...

  • Wells of Living Water Commentary

    THE BIRTH AND YOUTH OF MOSES Exodus 1:1, _Exodus 1:22_ INTRODUCTORY WORDS By way of introduction, we wish to discuss the meaning of the word, "Exodus." The first Book of the Bible is Genesis; it is...

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