Genesis 38:1

CHAPTER XXXVIII

Judah marries the daughter of a Canaanite, 1, 2;

and begets of her Er, 3,

Onan, 4,

and Shelah, 5.

Er marries Tamar, 6;

is slain for his wickedness, 7.

Onan, required to raise up seed to his brother, refuses, 8, 9.

He also is slain, 10.

Judah promises his son Shelah to Tamar, when he should be of

age; but performs not his promise, 11.

Judah's wife dies, 12.

Tamar in disguise receives her father-in-law, he leaves his

signet, bracelets, and staff in her hand, and she conceives

by him, 13-23.

Judah is informed that his daughter-in-law is with child; and,

not knowing that himself was the father, condemns her to be

burnt, 24.

She produces the signet, bracelets, and staff, and convicts

Judah, 25, 26.

She is delivered of twins, who are called Pharez and Zarah, 27-30.

NOTES ON CHAP. XXXVIII

Verse Genesis 38:1. And it came to pass at that time] The facts mentioned here could not have happened at the times mentioned in the preceding chapter, as those times are all unquestionably too recent, for the very earliest of the transactions here recorded must have occurred long before the selling of Joseph. Mr. Ainsworth remarks "that Judah and his sons must have married when very young, else the chronology will not agree. For Joseph was born six years before Jacob left Laban and came into Canaan; Genesis 30:25, and Genesis 31:41. Joseph was seventeen years old when he was sold into Egypt, Genesis 37:2; Genesis 37:25; he was thirty years old when he interpreted Pharaoh's dream, Genesis 41:46. And nine years after, when there had been seven years of plenty and two years of famine, did Jacob with his family go down into Egypt, Genesis 41:53-1, and Genesis 45:6; Genesis 45:11. And at their going down thither, Pharez, the son of Judah, whose birth is set down at the end of this chapter, had two sons, Hezron and Hamul, Genesis 46:8; Genesis 46:12. Seeing then from the selling of Joseph unto Israel's going down into Egypt there cannot be above twenty-three years, how is it possible that Judah should take a wife, and have by her three sons successively, and Shelah the youngest of the three be marriageable when Judah begat Pharez of Tamar, Genesis 38:14; Genesis 38:24, and Pharez be grown up, married, and have two sons, all within so short a space? The time therefore here spoken of seems to have been soon after Jacob's coming to Shechem, Genesis 33:18, before the history of Dinah, Genesis 34:1, though Moses for special cause relates it in this place." I should rather suppose that this chapter originally stood after Genesis 33:1, and that it got by accident into this place. Dr. Hales, observing that some of Jacob's son must have married remarkably young, says that "Judah was about forty-seven years old when Jacob's family settled in Egypt. He could not therefore have been above fifteen at the birth of his eldest son Er; nor Er more than fifteen at his marriage with Tamar; nor could it have been more than two years after Er's death till the birth of Judah's twin sons by his daughter-in-law Tamar; nor could Pharez, one of them, be more than fifteen at the birth of his twin sons Herron and Hamul, supposing they were twins, just born before the departure from Canaan. For the aggregate of these numbers, 15, 15, 2, 15, or 47 years, gives the age of Judah; compare Genesis 38:1 with Genesis 46:12." See the remarks of Dr. Kennicott, at the end of Clarke's note at "Genesis 31:55".

Adullamite] An inhabitant of Adullam, a city of Canaan, afterwards given for a possession to the sons of Judah, Joshua 15:1; Joshua 15:35. It appears as if this Adullamite had kept a kind of lodging house, for Shuah the Canaanite and his family lodged with him; and there Judah lodged also. As the woman was a Canaanitess, Judah had the example of his fathers to prove at least the impropriety of such a connection.