CHAPTER XXII. _The chief priests and scribes plot our Lord's destruction_, 1, 2. _Judas, at the instigation of the devil, betrays him_, 3-6. _He eats his last supper with his disciples_, 7-18. _Institutes the eucharist_, 19, 20. _Announces one of his disciples as the traitor_, 21-23: _The cont... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse Luke 22:2. _THEY FEARED THE PEOPLE._] The great mass of the people seem to have been convinced that Christ was at least a prophet sent from God; and it is likely they kept steady in their attachment to him. The multitude, who are represented as clamouring for his blood at the crucifixion, appe... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse Luke 22:3. _THEN ENTERED SATAN INTO JUDAS_] The devil filled the heart of Judas with _avarice_; and that infamous passion led him to commit the crime here specified. This at once accounts for the whole of this most unprincipled and unnatural transaction. None but a devil, or he who is possesse... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse Luke 22:4. _AND CAPTAINS_] Among the priests who were in waiting at the temple, some were appointed φυλακες, for a _guard_ to the temple; and over these were στρατηγοι _commanding officers_: both sorts are mentioned by Josephus, War, b. vi. c. 5. s. 3. Bp. PEARCE, See another sense of _captai... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse Luke 22:5. _THEY - COVENANTED TO GIVE HIM MONEY._] Matthew says _thirty_ _pieces_, or staters, _of silver_, about 4_£_. 10_s_. English, the common price of the meanest slave. Matthew 26:15.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse Luke 22:6. _AND HE PROMISED_] That is, to do it - εξωμολογησε: or, He accepted the proposal. See _Wakefield_.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse Luke 22:7. _THE PASSOVER_] πασχα, Luke 22:1, is the name of the _festival_; το πασχα here is supposed to be the name of _that on_ which they _feasted_, viz. the sacrificed paschal lamb. But see the notes on Matthew 26, and especially the observations at the end of that chapter. See Clarke on M... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse Luke 22:8. _HE SENT PETER AND JOHN_, c.] See the subject of these verses largely explained on Matthew 26:17, and Mark 14:13, Mark 14:15.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse Luke 22:14. _AND WHEN THE HOUR WAS COME_] That is, the evening. See Matthew 26:20, and Mark 14:17.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse Luke 22:15. _WITH DESIRE I HAVE DESIRED_] A Hebraism for, _I have_ _desired most earnestly_. Our Lord's meaning seems to be, that, having purposed to redeem a lost world by his blood, he ardently longed for the time in which he was to offer himself up. Such love did the holy Jesus bear to the... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse Luke 22:16. _UNTIL IT BE FULFILLED IN THE KINGDOM OF GOD._] That is, until that of which the passover is a _type_ is fulfilled in my death, through which the kingdom of God, or of heaven, (See Matthew 3:2), shall be established among men.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse Luke 22:17. _HE TOOK THE CUP_] This was not the _sacramental cup_, for that was taken _after_ supper, Luke 22:20, but was the cup which was ordinarily taken _before_ supper. _DIVIDE IT AMONG YOURSELVES_] Pass the cup from one to another; thus the cup which Christ gave to the first person on h... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse Luke 22:18. _I WILL NOT DRINK OF THE FRUIT OF THE VINE_] That is, before the time of another passover, the Holy Ghost shall descend, the Gospel of the kingdom be established, and the sacramental supper shall take place of the paschal lamb; for in a few hours his crucifixion was to take place.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse Luke 22:19. _TOOK BREAD_] See the nature and design of the Lord's Supper explained in Clarke's notes on Matthew 26:26. _THIS DO IN REMEMBRANCE OF ME._] That the Jews, in eating the passover, did it to represent the sufferings of the Messiah, as evident from the tract _Pesachim_, fol. 119, quo... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse Luke 22:20. _THIS CUP_ IS _THE NEW TESTAMENT IN MY BLOOD_] Perhaps it might be better to paraphrase the passage thus: _This cup which is_ _poured out for you_, signifies the blood of _the new covenant_, which is shortly to be ratified _in_ (or _by_) the shedding of _my blood_. Or, _This cup is... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse Luke 22:21. _THE HAND OF HIM THAT BETRAYETH ME_, c.] What can be desired more, says Dr. Lightfoot, as a demonstration that Judas was present at the eucharist? And, whereas the contrary is endeavoured to be proved out of John 13, nothing is made out of nothing for there is not one syllable thro... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse Luke 22:22. _THE SON OF MAN GOETH_] That is, he is about to die, απερχεσθαι, οιχεσθαι, _abire, going, going away_, and _departing_, are used, by the best _Greek_ and _Latin_ writers, for _death_ and _dying_. See _Rosenmuller_.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse Luke 22:23. _THEY BEGAN TO INQUIRE AMONG THEMSELVES_] Matthew 26:23, Matthew 26:23; _"_Matthew 26:24_"_.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse Luke 22:24. _THERE WAS ALSO A STRIFE AMONG THEM_] There are _two_ different instances of this sort of _contention_ or _strife_ mentioned by the evangelists, each of which was accompanied with very different circumstances; one by Matthew, in Matthew 18:1, c., by Mark, Mark 9:33, c. and by Luke... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 25. _ARE CALLED BENEFACTORS._] The very Greek word used by the evangelist, ευεργεται, was the _surname_ of some of the Ptolemies of Egypt; _Ptolemy Euergetes_, i.e. the _Benefactor_. It was a custom among the ancient Romans to distribute part of the lands which they had conquered on the fronti... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 26. _LET HIM BE AS THE YOUNGER_] Dr. Lightfoot justly conjectures that Peter was the eldest of all the disciples; and he supposes that the strife was kindled between him and the sons of Zebedee, James and John. These three disciples were those whom Christ had distinguished by peculiar marks of... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 29. _I APPOINT UNTO YOU A KINGDOM, AS MY FATHER HATH_ _APPOINTED UNTO ME_] The _Codex Alexandrinus_, with some other MSS., the later _Syriac_, and _Origen_, read in the first clause, διαθηκην, _a covenant_. _I appoint unto you a COVENANT, as my Father hath_ _appointed unto me a kingdom_: - Ye... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 30. _SIT ON THRONES_] Matthew 19:28, Matthew 19:28. Marcion left the whole of this verse out, according to Epiphanius: probably because he did not understand it.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 31. _SIMON, SIMON_] When a name is thus _repeated_ in the sacred writings, it appears to be always intended as an expression of _love_, manifested by a _warning_ voice. As if he had said, While thou and the others are contending for supremacy, Satan is endeavouring to destroy you all: but I ha... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 32. _I HAVE PRAYED FOR THEE_] From the natural forwardness and impetuosity of thy own spirit, thou wilt be brought into the most imminent danger; _but I have supplicated for thee, that thy_ _faith may not utterly fail _- εκλειπη, from εκ, _out_, and λειπω, _I fail_, to _fall utterly_ or _enti... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 34. _THE COCK SHALL NOT CROW THIS DAY_] Matthew 26:34, and Mark 14:30, say, _this night_; both expressions are right, because the Jewish day, of twenty-four hours, began with the evening, and ended at the evening of the following day. On Peter's denial, see the notes on Matthew 26:31.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 35. _WHEN I SENT YOU WITHOUT PURSE_] See the notes on Matthew 10:9; Matthew 10:10.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 36. _HE THAT HATH NO SWORD_] Bishop PEARCE supposes that the word μαχαιραν, _sword_, has been inserted here from what is said in Luke 22:38, as it is evident our Lord never intended to make any resistance, or to suffer a sword to be used on the occasion; see Matthew 26:52. The word stands rat... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 37. _MUST YET BE ACCOMPLISHED_] Probably meaning that, though this prophecy did refer to some particular matter in the time of the prophet, yet it _farther_ (ετι) related to Christ, and could not have its complete accomplishment but in _his_ crucifixion _as a criminal_. _FOR THE THINGS CONCER... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 38. _LORD, BEHOLD, HERE ARE TWO SWORDS. AND HE SAID UNTO_ _THEM, IT IS ENOUGH._] These words cannot be well understood as being an answer to the supposed command of Christ, _for every one_ _who had no sword to go and sell his garment and buy one_; for, in this case, they were not _enough_, or... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 40. _WHEN HE WAS AT THE PLACE_] Viz. Gethsemane. On this agony of our Lord see the notes on Matthew 26:36.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 43. _THERE APPEARED AN ANGEL - FROM HEAVEN_] It was as necessary that the fullest evidence should be given, not only of our Lord's _Divinity_, but also of his _humanity_: his miracles sufficiently attested the former; his hunger, weariness, and agony in the garden, as well as his death and bur... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 44. _PRAYED MORE EARNESTLY_] With greater _emphasis_ and _earnestness_ than usual, with strong crying and tears, Hebrews 5:7; the reason given for which is, that he was in an _agony_. _Kypke_ well observes, _Vox_ αγωνια _summum animi_ angorem _et_ dolorem _indicat; et idem est, quod_ αδημονει... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 48. _BETRAYEST THOU THE SON OF MAN WITH A KISS?_] Dost thou attempt to kiss me as a _friend_, while thou art delivering me up into the hands of my _enemies_? We need not wonder at all this, as Satan himself had entered into the heart of this traitor, see Luke 22:3; consequently we can expect n... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 50. _CUT OFF HIS RIGHT EAR._] Matthew 26:51, Matthew 26:51.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 51. _SUFFER YE THUS FAR._] Or, _Suffer_ me to go _thus far_. As they had now a firm hold of Christ, Matthew 26:50, he wished them to permit him to go as far as Malchus, whose ear was cut off, that he might heal it. See the objections brought against this interpretation answered by _Kypke_; and... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 53. _I WAS DAILY WITH YOU IN THE TEMPLE_] Alluding to the _four_ preceding days, during the whole of which he taught in the temple, see Luke 21:37, and Matthew 21:17. _THIS IS YOUR HOUR, AND THE POWER OF DARKNESS._] That is, the _time_ in which you are permitted to _unrein_ your malice; whic... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 56. _A CERTAIN MAID BEHELD HIM_] Or, _Attentively beholding_ _him_, ατενισασα. And this she did by the _help_ of the _light_ of the _fire_ at which Peter sat.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 57. _AND HE DENIED HIM_] See the notes on Matthew 26:58; Matthew 26:69, c.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 61. _THE LORD TURNED, AND LOOKED UPON PETER._] Matthew 26:75, Matthew 26:75, where this delicate reproof is particularly noted.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 62. _AND PETER WENT OUT_] The word _Peter_ is omitted by BDKLM, and many other good MSS., with some of the ancient versions. Griesbach leaves it out of the text.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 63. _MOCKED HIM, AND SMOTE HIM._] This and the following verses are placed by Matthew and Mark before the relation of Peter's denial. For their explanation, see on Matthew 26:67; Matthew 26:68.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 68. _AND IF I ALSO ASK YOU_] Concerning the Christ, in case ye cannot give me such an answer as may prove I am _not_ the Christ, ye will not let me go; for I know ye are _determined_ to put me to death.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse 69. _HEREAFTER_] _From this very time_, απο του νυν. The kingdom of God is now going to be set up. See the note on Matthew 16:27; Matthew 16:28.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse Luke 22:70. _ART THOU THEN THE SON OF GOD?_] They _all_ insisted on an answer to this question, and the high priest particularly put it to him, Matthew 26:63.... [ Continue Reading ]
Verse Luke 22:71. _WE OURSELVES HAVE HEARD_] We have heard him profess himself the _Son of God_; he is therefore guilty of _blasphemy_, and, as an impious pretender to a Divine mission, we must proceed against and condemn him to death. Matthew 26:66. Thus they proceeded as far as they could; he must... [ Continue Reading ]