INTRODUCTION TO NUMBERS 21
This chapter gives an account of the defeat of King Arad, the
Canaanite, Numbers 21:1 of the murmurings of the children of Israel,
because of difficulties in travelling round, the land of Edom, for
which they were punished with fiery serpents,
Numbers 21:4 and how that u... [ Continue Reading ]
AND [WHEN] KING ARAD THE CANAANITE, WHICH DWELT IN THE SOUTH,.... Arad
seems rather to be the name of a place, city, or country, of which the
Canaanite was king, than the name of a man, since we read of the king
of Arad, Joshua 12:14 see also Judges 1:16 and so the Targums of
Onkelos and Jerusalem h... [ Continue Reading ]
AND ISRAEL VOWED A VOW UNTO THE LORD,.... The Israelites made
supplication to the Lord for help against their enemies, and that he
would give them victory over them, and made promises to him:
AND SAID, IF THOU WILT INDEED DELIVER THIS PEOPLE INTO MY HAND;
certainly and entirely deliver them, so as... [ Continue Reading ]
AND THE LORD HEARKENED TO THE VOICE OF ISRAEL,.... In their prayers
and vows; with acceptance heard, and answered them according to their
wish:
AND DELIVERED UP THE CANAANITES: into their hands, gave them victory
over them:
AND THEY UTTERLY DESTROYED THEM AND THEIR CITIES; that is,
"anathematized... [ Continue Reading ]
AND THEY JOURNEYED FROM MOUNT HOR,.... After the battle with the king
of Arad, and the defeat of him:
BY THE WAY OF THE RED SEA, TO COMPASS THE LAND OF EDOM; which lay by
it, and from whence it had the name of the Red sea, Edom signifying
red; and by the way of that the Israelites must needs go, to... [ Continue Reading ]
AND THE PEOPLE SPAKE AGAINST GOD,.... Who went before them in the
pillar of cloud and fire, for leading them in such a way; that is,
against Christ, as the apostle has taught us to interpret it,
1 Corinthians 10:9, and is no inconsiderable proof of the deity of
Christ; and so the Targum of Jonathan... [ Continue Reading ]
AND THE LORD SENT FIERY SERPENTS AMONG THE PEOPLE,.... Of which there
were great numbers in the deserts of Arabia, and about the Red sea;
but hitherto the Israelites were protected from them by the cloud
about them, but sinning, the Lord suffered them to come among them, to
punish them; these are ca... [ Continue Reading ]
THEREFORE THE PEOPLE CAME TO MOSES, AND SAID, WE HAVE SINNED,....
Being bitten with serpents, and some having died, the rest were
frightened, and came and made an humble acknowledgment of their sins
to Moses:
FOR WE HAVE SPOKEN AGAINST THE LORD, AND AGAINST THEE; murmuring at
their being brought ou... [ Continue Reading ]
AND THE LORD SAID UNTO MOSES,.... Out of the cloud; or, it may be,
Moses went into the sanctuary, and there prayed, and the Lord answered
him from between the cherubim:
MAKE THEM A FIERY SERPENT; not a real one, but the likeness of one,
one that should very much resemble the fiery serpents Israel h... [ Continue Reading ]
AND MOSES MADE A SERPENT OF BRASS,.... Which was the most proper metal
to make it of, that it might resemble the fiery serpents, whether of a
golden or scarlet colour: and Diodorus Siculus d speaks of some of the
colour of brass, whose bite was immediately followed with death, and
by which, if anyon... [ Continue Reading ]
AND THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL SET FORWARD,.... From Zalmonah, and came to
Punon, which, according to the above writer, was twenty miles from it;
though here indeed, some think, the brazen serpent was set up, here
being, as before observed, brass mines to furnish with that metal:
AND PITCHED IN OBOTH;... [ Continue Reading ]
AND THEY JOURNEYED FROM OBOTH,.... How long they stayed there is not
certain:
AND PITCHED AT IJEABARIM; which, according to Bunting k, was sixteen
miles from Oboth; Jarchi says it was the way that passengers pass by
Mount Nebo to the land of Canaan, and which divides between the land
of Moab and th... [ Continue Reading ]
FROM THENCE THEY REMOVED, AND PITCHED IN THE VALLEY OF ZERED. Or the
brook Zered, as in Deuteronomy 13:14 that is near it: this seems to be
the same station with Dibongad, Numbers 33:45, and which, according to
the above writer, was sixteen miles from Ijeabarim.... [ Continue Reading ]
FROM THENCE THEY REMOVED, AND PITCHED ON THE OTHER SIDE OF ARNON,....
A river on the borders of Moab:
WHICH IS IN THE WILDERNESS THAT COMETH OUT OF THE COASTS OF THE
AMORITES; according to Jarchi, they went round the land of Moab, all
to the south and east, and came not into the border of Moab, as... [ Continue Reading ]
WHEREFORE IT IS SAID IN THE BOOK OF THE WARS OF THE LORD,.... A
history of wars in former times, which the Lord had suffered to be in
the world; and which, as Aben Ezra thinks, reached from the times of
Abraham and so might begin with the battle of the kings in his time,
and take in others in later... [ Continue Reading ]
AND AT THE STREAM OF THE BROOKS THAT GOETH DOWN TO THE DWELLING OF
AR,.... All that part of the country which lay upon the stream, as far
as the city of Ar, the metropolis of Moab, called Ar of Moab, Isaiah
15:1,
AND LIETH UPON THE BORDER OF MOAB; as that city did; so far goes the
quotation out of... [ Continue Reading ]
AND FROM THENCE THEY WENT TO BEER,.... A place so called from a well
which sprung up here, of which the following account is given:
THAT IS, THE WELL WHEREOF THE LORD SPAKE UNTO MOSES; promising him to
give it to the children of Israel, without asking for it; which was a
very singular favour, and f... [ Continue Reading ]
THEN ISRAEL SANG THIS SONG,.... Being affected with the free favour
and good will of God towards them:
SPRING UP, O WELL; for the springing up of which they prayed in faith,
believing in the promise of God, that it would spring up; and so
encouraged one another not only to believe it, but even to s... [ Continue Reading ]
THE PRINCES DIGGED THE WELL,.... The princes and heads of the several
tribes:
THE NOBLES OF THE PEOPLE DIGGED IT; the seventy elders, according to
the Targum of Jonathan:
BY THE DIRECTION OF THE LAWGIVER; either the Lord himself, the
lawgiver of his people, who pointed out the spot, and directed t... [ Continue Reading ]
AND FROM MATTANAH TO NAHALIEL, AND FROM NAHALIEL TO BAMOTH. All the
Targums interpret this, and the following verse, not of the journeying
of the children of Israel, but of the motion of the well, that that,
from the place from whence it was given them, descended with them into
the valleys, and from... [ Continue Reading ]
AND FROM BAMOTH, [IN] THE VALLEY,.... Or rather "to the valley", as
the Targum of Onkelos, since Bamoth signifies high places; though,
according to the Jerusalem Talmud o, Bamoth, Baal, which seems to be
the same place, was in a plain:
THAT IS IN THE COUNTRY OF MOAB; the valley belonged to Moab, in... [ Continue Reading ]
AND ISRAEL SENT MESSENGERS UNTO SIHON KING OF THE AMORITES,.... Who
were one of the nations of the Canaanites, and a principal and
powerful one, and who were devoted to destruction, and their land
designed for the people of Israel; see Genesis 15:16, at this time
Sihon was their king, to whom Moses,... [ Continue Reading ]
LET ME PASS THROUGH THY LAND,.... Through some part of it, which would
have been a shorter way to the river Jordan, over which Israel was to
pass into the land of Canaan; the terms proposed, or things to be
observed in their passage, which they would bind themselves strictly
to, are the same that we... [ Continue Reading ]
AND SIHON WOULD NOT SUFFER ISRAEL TO PASS THROUGH HIS BORDER,....
Because he could not trust them, and confide in the promises they
made, and thought it not safe to let such a body of people into any
part of his dominions, Judges 11:20 and chiefly because his heart was
hardened by the Lord, that he... [ Continue Reading ]
AND ISRAEL SMOTE HIM WITH THE EDGE OF THE SWORD,.... Slew him and his
army, entirely routed them, and got a complete victory over them; God
giving them up into their hands, who otherwise were a very strong,
powerful, and warlike people; see Amos 2:9
AND POSSESSED HIS LAND FROM ARNON UNTO JABBOK; tw... [ Continue Reading ]
AND ISRAEL TOOK ALL THESE CITIES,.... Which lay between the rivers
Arnon and Jabbok; their particular names may be seen in
Numbers 32:3,
AND ISRAEL DWELT IN ALL THE CITIES OF THE AMORITES; being given to the
Reubenites and Gadites, who inhabited them, as their possession and
inheritance, Numbers 3... [ Continue Reading ]
FOR HESHBON WAS THE CITY OF SIHON THE KING OF THE AMORITES,.... His
royal city, where he kept his palace, where he had resided for some
time, and perhaps some of his predecessors; and therefore being now in
his possession when taken by the Israelites, they had a good right and
title to keep it, and... [ Continue Reading ]
WHEREFORE THEY THAT SPEAK IN PROVERBS SAY,.... The historical writers
of those times, among the Amorites, who were usually poets, and wrote
the history of the wars between the Moabites and Amorites in verse; as
Homer among the Greeks wrote the wars of Troy; and the compositions of
those ancient bard... [ Continue Reading ]
FOR THERE IS A FIRE GONE OUT OF HESHBON,.... Not before, but after
Sihon had subdued it, as Jarchi observes; and is to be understood of
his soldiers going out from thence, and making desolations in the
adjacent parts, like a strong fire, and the fierce flames of it there
is no resisting; and so the... [ Continue Reading ]
WOE TO THEE, MOAB! THOU ART UNDONE,.... The whole country ruined, or
likely to be so:
O PEOPLE OF CHEMOSH; which was the name of their idol, who is called
the abomination of the Moabites, 1 Kings 11:7:
HE HATH GIVEN HIS SONS THAT ESCAPED; that is, the idol Chemosh had
given his sons, the men of th... [ Continue Reading ]
WE HAVE SHOT AT THEM,.... Either the Amorites at the Moabites, or else
the Israelites at the Amorites; for, according to Aben Ezra, these are
the words of Moses, though they, with Numbers 21:29, seem rather to be
a continuation of the song of the old Amorite bards, describing the
ruin of the country... [ Continue Reading ]
THUS ISRAEL DWELT IN THE LAND OF THE AMORITES. Not the land of the
Moabites; and by those means before mentioned; by conquering Sihon
their king, they came into the possession of it, and took up their
dwelling in it; this was the beginning of the conquest of the
Canaanites, and an earnest and pledge... [ Continue Reading ]
AND MOSES SENT TO SPY OUT JAAZER,.... Or Jazer, as it is called in
Isaiah 16:9, another city that belonged to the Amorites, and which
they had taken from the Moabites; and which came into the hands of the
latter again, after the captivity of the ten tribes, as appears from
the above places; accordin... [ Continue Reading ]
AND THEY TURNED,.... From Jaazer, after they had taken it, and came
back a little way:
AND WENT UP BY THE WAY OF BASHAN; which was a nearer way to Canaan, a
fine country abounding with oxen and sheep, having rich pastures, and
very famous for its oaks; it had its name from the mountain of Bashan
in... [ Continue Reading ]
AND THE LORD SAID UNTO MOSES, FEAR HIM NOT,.... Og being of a gigantic
stature, and his forces numerous, might cause some fear in Moses, and
in the people, and therefore the Lord encouraged them not to be afraid
of him and his army:
FOR I HAVE DELIVERED HIM INTO THY HAND, AND ALL HIS PEOPLE, AND HI... [ Continue Reading ]
SO THEY SMOTE HIM AND HIS SONS, AND ALL HIS PEOPLE,.... They engaged
in battle with him, slew him and his sons that came with him, and all
his armies; and which consisted, as is probable, of all able to bear
arms in all his cities; which the more easily came into the hands of
the Israelites after th... [ Continue Reading ]