I SAY THEN (λεγω ουν). As in verse Romanos 11:11. Ουν looks back to Romanos 9:16-33 and Romanos 10:19-21.DID GOD CAST OFF? (μη απωσατο ο θεοσ?). An indignant negative answer is called for by μη and emphasized by μη γενοιτο (God forbid). Paul refers to the promise in the O.T. made three times: 1... [ Seguir leyendo ]
WHOM HE FOREKNEW (ον προεγνω). The same form and sense as in Romanos 8:29, which see. Probably the Hebrew sense of choice beforehand. The nation of Israel was God's chosen people and so all the individuals in it could not be cast off.WOT YE NOT? (ουκ οιδατε?). "Know ye not?" Why keep the old En... [ Seguir leyendo ]
THEY HAVE DIGGED DOWN (κατεσκαψαν). First aorist active indicative of κατασκαπτω, to dig under or down. Old verb, here only in N.T. (critical text). LXX has καθειλαν "pulled down." Paul has reversed the order of the LXX of 1 Reyes 19:10; 1 Reyes 19:14; 1 Reyes 19:18.ALTARS (θυσιαστηρια). Late w... [ Seguir leyendo ]
THE ANSWER OF GOD (ο χρηματισμος). An old word in various senses like χρηματιζω, only here in N.T. See this use of the verb in Mateo 2:12; Mateo 2:22; Lucas 2:26; Hechos 10:22.TO BAAL (τη Βααλ). Feminine article. In the LXX the name Βααλ is either masculine or feminine. The explanation is that... [ Seguir leyendo ]
REMNANT (λιμμα). Old word, but only here in N.T., but in papyri also and with this spelling rather than λειμμα. From λειπω, to leave.ACCORDING TO THE ELECTION OF GRACE (κατ' εκλογην χαριτος). As in Romanos 9:6-13. The election is all of God. Verse Romanos 11:6 explains it further.... [ Seguir leyendo ]
OTHERWISE (επε). Ellipse after επε (since), "since, in that case."IS NO MORE (ουκετ γινετα). "No longer becomes" grace, loses its character as grace. Augustine: _Gratia nisi gratis sit gratia non est_.... [ Seguir leyendo ]
WHAT THEN? (τ ουν?). Since God did not push Israel away (verse Romanos 11:1), what is true?THE ELECTION (η εκλογη). Abstract for concrete (the elect).OBTAINED (επετυχεν). Second aorist active indicative of επιτυγχανω, old verb, to hit upon, only here in Paul. See Romanos 9:30-33 for the failu... [ Seguir leyendo ]
A SPIRIT OF STUPOR (πνευμα κατανυξεως). The quotation is a combination of Deuteronomio 19:4; Isaías 29:10; Isaías 6:9. This phrase is from Isaías 29:10. Κατανυξις is a late and rare word from κατανυσσω, to prick or stick (Hechos 2:37), in LXX, here only in N.T., one example in _Pelagia-Legende_.... [ Seguir leyendo ]
DAVID SAYS (Δαυειδ λεγε). From Salmo 69:23; (Romanos 68:23 LXX); Romanos 34:8; Romanos 28:4 (combined quotation).TABLE (τραπεζα). For what is on the table, "a feast."A SNARE (εις παγιδα). From πηγνυμ, to make fast, old word for snares for birds and beasts. See on Lucas 21:35. Εις in predicate... [ Seguir leyendo ]
LET THEIR EYES BE DARKENED (σκοτισθητωσαν ο οφθαλμο αυτων). First aorist passive imperative of σκοτιζω, to darken. A terrible imprecation.THAT THEY MAY NOT SEE (του μη βλεπειν). Repeated from verse Romanos 11:8.BOW DOWN (συνκαμψον). First aorist active imperative of συνκαμπτω, old verb, to be... [ Seguir leyendo ]
DID THEY STUMBLE THAT THEY MIGHT FALL? (μη επταισαν ινα πεσωσιν?). Negative answer expected by μη as in verse Romanos 11:1. First aorist active indicative of πταιω, old verb, to stumble, only here in Paul (see Santiago 3:2), suggested perhaps by σκανδαλον in verse Romanos 11:9. If ινα is final,... [ Seguir leyendo ]
TO YOU THAT ARE GENTILES (υμιν τοις εθνεσιν). "To you the Gentiles." He has a serious word to say to them.INASMUCH THEN (εφ' οσον μεν ουν). Not temporal, _quamdiu_, "so long as" (Mateo 9:15), but qualitative _quatenus_ "in so far then as" (Mateo 25:40).I GLORIFY MY MINISTRY (την διακονιαν μου... [ Seguir leyendo ]
THE CASTING AWAY OF THEM (η αποβολη αυτων). Objective genitive (αυτων) with αποβολη, old word from αποβαλλω, to throw off (Marco 10:50), in N.T. only here and Hechos 27:22.THE RECONCILING OF THE WORLD (καταλλαγη κοσμου). See Romanos 5:10 for καταλλαγη (reconciling). It explains verse Romanos 11... [ Seguir leyendo ]
FIRST FRUIT (απαρχη). See on 1 Corintios 15:20; 1 Corintios 15:23. The metaphor is from Números 15:19. The LXX has απαρχην φυραματος, first of the dough as a heave offering.THE LUMP (το φυραμα). From which the first fruit came. See on Romanos 9:21. Apparently the patriarchs are the first fruit.... [ Seguir leyendo ]
BRANCHES (κλαδων). From κλαω, to break.WERE BROKEN OFF (εξεκλασθησαν). First aorist passive indicative of εκκλαω. Play on the word κλαδος (branch) and εκκλαω, to break off. Condition of first class, assumed as true. Some of the individual Jews (natural Israel) were broken off the stock of the t... [ Seguir leyendo ]
GLORY NOT OVER THE BRANCHES (μη κατακαυχω των κλαδων). Genitive case after κατα. Present middle imperative second person singular of κατακαυχαομα with negative μη, "stop glorying" or "do not have the habit of glorying over the branches." The conclusion of the preceding condition.GLORIEST (κατακ... [ Seguir leyendo ]
THOU WILT SAY THEN (ερεις ουν). A presumptuous Gentile speaks.THAT I MIGHT BE GRAFTED IN (ινα εγω ενκεντρισθω). Purpose clause with ινα and first aorist passive subjunctive. He shows contempt for the cast-off Jews.... [ Seguir leyendo ]
WELL (καλως). Perhaps ironical, though Paul may simply admit the statement (cf. Marco 12:32) and show the Gentile his real situation.BY UNBELIEF (τη απιστια)--BY FAITH (πιστε). Instrumental case with both contrasted words (by unbelief, by belief).... [ Seguir leyendo ]
BE NOT HIGHMINDED (μη υψηλα φρονε). "Stop thinking high (proud) thoughts."OF GOD SPARED NOT (ε γαρ ο θεος ουκ εφεισατο). It is not ε μη (unless), but the ουκ negatives the verb εφεισατο (first aorist middle indicative of φειδομα, to spare. Condition of first class.... [ Seguir leyendo ]
THE GOODNESS AND THE SEVERITY OF GOD (χρηστοτητα κα αποτομιαν θεου). See on Romanos 2:2 for χρηστοτης, kindness of God. Αποτομια (here alone in the N.T.) is from αποτομος, cut off, abrupt, and this adjective from αποτεμνω, to cut off. This late word occurs several times in the papyri.IF THOU CONT... [ Seguir leyendo ]
IF THEY CONTINUE NOT IN THEIR UNBELIEF (εαν μη επιμενωσ τη απιστια). Third class condition with the same verb used in verse Romanos 11:22 of the Gentile. Locative case of απιστια here (same form as the instrumental in verse Romanos 11:20).FOR GOD IS ABLE (δυνατος γαρ εστιν ο θεος). See this use... [ Seguir leyendo ]
CONTRARY TO NATURE (παρα φυσιν). This is the gist of the argument, the power of God to do what is contrary to natural processes. He put the wild olive (Gentile) into the good olive tree (the spiritual Israel) and made the wild olive (contrary to nature) become the good olive (καλλιελαιος, the gar... [ Seguir leyendo ]
THIS MYSTERY (το μυστηριον τουτο). Not in the pagan sense of an esoteric doctrine for the initiated (from μυεω, to blink, to wink), unknown secrets (2 Tesalonicenses 2:7), or like the mystery religions of the time, but the revealed will of God now made known to all (1 Corintios 2:1; 1 Corintios 2:... [ Seguir leyendo ]
AND SO (κα ουτως). By the complement of the Gentiles stirring up the complement of the Jews (verses Romanos 11:11).ALL ISRAEL (πας Ισραηλ). What does Paul mean? The immediate context (use of πας in contrast with απο μερουσ, πληρωμα here in contrast with πληρωμα in verse Romanos 11:12) argues fo... [ Seguir leyendo ]
MY COVENANT (η παρ' εμου διαθηκη). "The from me covenant," "my side of the covenant I have made with them" (Sanday and Headlam). Cf. Jeremias 31:31. Not a political deliverance, but a religious and ethical one.WHEN I SHALL TAKE AWAY (οταν αφελωμα). Second aorist middle subjunctive of αφαιρεω, o... [ Seguir leyendo ]
AS TOUCHING THE GOSPEL (κατα το ευαγγελιον). "According to (κατα with the accusative) the gospel" as Paul has shown in verses Romanos 11:11-24, the gospel order as it has developed.ENEMIES (εχθρο). Treated as enemies (of God), in passive sense, because of their rejection of Christ (verse Romano... [ Seguir leyendo ]
WITHOUT REPENTANCE (αμεταμελητα). See on 2 Corintios 7:10 for this word (α privative and μεταμελομα, to be sorry afterwards). It is not αμετανοητον (Romanos 2:5) from α privative and μετανοεω, to change one's mind. God is not sorry for his gifts to and calling of the Jews (Romanos 9:4).... [ Seguir leyendo ]
YE IN TIME PAST (υμεις ποτε). Ye Gentiles (Romanos 1:18-32).WERE DISOBEDIENT (επειθησατε). First aorist active indicative of απειθεω, to disbelieve and then to disobey. "Ye once upon a time disobeyed God."BY THEIR DISOBEDIENCE (τη τουτων απειθια). Instrumental case, "by the disobedience of th... [ Seguir leyendo ]
BY THE MERCY SHOWN TO YOU (τω υμετερω ελεε). Objective sense of υμετερος (possessive pronoun, your). Proleptic position also for the words go with ελεηθωσιν (first aorist passive subjunctive of ελεεω, from ελεος with ινα, purpose clause). God's purpose is for the Jews to receive a blessing yet.... [ Seguir leyendo ]
HATH SHUT UP (συνεκλεισεν). First aorist active indicative of συνκλειω, to shut together like a net (Lucas 5:6). See Gálatas 3:22 for this word with υπο αμαρτιαν (under sin). This is a resultant (effective) aorist because of the disbelief and disobedience of both Gentile (Romanos 1:17-32) and Jew... [ Seguir leyendo ]
O THE DEPTH (Ο βαθος). Exclamation with omega and the nominative case of βαθος (see on 2 Corintios 8:2; Romanos 8:39). Paul's argument concerning God's elective grace and goodness has carried him to the heights and now he pauses on the edge of the precipice as he contemplates God's wisdom and kno... [ Seguir leyendo ]
WHO HATH KNOWN? (τις εγνω?). Second aorist active indicative of γινωσκω, a timeless aorist, did know, does know, will know. Quotation from Isaías 40:13. Quoted already in 1 Corintios 2:16.COUNSELLOR (συμβουλος). Old word from συν and βουλη. Only here in N.T.HIS (αυτου). Objective genitive, co... [ Seguir leyendo ]
FIRST DRIVEN TO HIM (προεδωκεν αυτω). First aorist active indicative of προδιδωμ, to give beforehand or first. Old verb, here alone in N.T. From Job 41:11, but not like the LXX, Paul's own translation.SHALL BE RECOMPENSED (ανταποδοθησετα). First future passive of double compound ανταποδιδωμ, to... [ Seguir leyendo ]
OF HIM (εξ αυτου),THROUGH HIM (δι' αυτου),UNTO HIM (εις αυτον). By these three prepositions Paul ascribes the universe (τα παντα) with all the phenomena concerning creation, redemption, providence to God as theSOURCE (εξ), theAGENT (δ), theGOAL (εις).FOR EVER (εις τους αιωνας). "For t... [ Seguir leyendo ]